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Diagnostic Medicine > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

1
Q

What does a CBC include?

A
  • WBC
  • RBC
  • Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices
  • platelets
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2
Q

What’s a normal total WBC?

A

4500-11000

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3
Q

What’s a normal total WBC for <2 years ?

A

6200-17000

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4
Q

What’s a normal total WBC for infants?

A

9000-30000

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5
Q

T/F: elderly may not have a high white count in setting of infection

A

t

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6
Q

What are critical WBC values?

A

<2000, >40,000

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7
Q

What do these cause
- bone marrow failure
- viral infection
- aplastic anemia
-vitamin deficiencies
- B12 or iron deficiencies
-autoimmune diseases
-drug toxicity

A

decreased WBC (leukopenia)

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8
Q

What do these cause
-inflammation
-infection
-leukemia
-malignancies
-vascular conditions
-tissue necrosis
-steroids*
-stress from trauma
-seizures/uncontrolled shivering
-thyroid storm
-dehydration

A

elevated WBC (leukocytosis)

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9
Q

____ can mimic leukemia

A

sepsis

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10
Q

Differential count = % of each type of leukocyte present

A

including granulocytes + nongranulocytes

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11
Q

First responders to bacterial infections, elevated in bacterial infections, trauma, or stress

A

neutrophils

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12
Q

Elevated in allergies, asthma, or parasitic infections

A

eosinophils

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13
Q

involved in inflammatory responses, rarely elevated but seen in CML - allergens, parasites, pathogens

A

basophils

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14
Q

elevated in viral infections, chronic inflammation, certain cancers

A

lymphocytes

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15
Q

engulf pathogens, increased in chronic infections, TB, and certain leukemias

A

monocytes

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16
Q

Neutrophils are produced in ____ days, only live for ____ hours

A

7-14 days, 6 hours

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17
Q

When are neutrophils elevated? (neutrophilia)

A

inflammation (RA, thyroiditis), cushing syndrome

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18
Q

When are neutrophils decreased (neutropenia)?

A

drugs, chemo/radiation, anaplastic anemia, viral infections (measles, hepatitis, influenza)

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19
Q

Leukocytosis + neutropenia =

A

SEPTIC BILLS
Severe bacterial infection
Exercise
Postsplenectomy
Trauma
Inflammation
Corticosteroids
Burns
Infarction
Leukemia
Loss of blood
Surgery/smoking

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20
Q

mature, segmented nucleus

A

segmented neutrophils

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21
Q

less mature neutrophils, have an unsegmented nucleus shaped like a C

A

band neutrophils

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22
Q

left shift

A

increase in immature cells, often from bacterial, inflammation, tissue damage

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23
Q

indicates a patient’s real risk of infection

ANC = WBC x (%neutrophils + bands)

A

absolute neutrophil count (ANC)

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24
Q

What’s a normal ANC ?

A

2500-8000

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25
Q

What does <1000 ANC indicate?

A

immunosuppression– isolate patient!

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26
Q

T/F: eosinophils + basophils change due to bacterial or viral infection

A

false

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27
Q

Seen in chronic bacterial and acute viral infections

A

lymphocytes

28
Q

largest WBC that lasts longer in circulation, search + destroy pathogens and infected cells, producing cytokines to help control infections, and help engulf dead or damaged cells + help regeneration of injured tissue

29
Q

What’s a normal RBC?

A

3.9-5.5x10^6

30
Q

What does RBC count measure

A

direct count, assess overall RBC production + size

31
Q

Decreased RBCs

A

all types of anemia

32
Q

increased RBCs

A

elevated WBCs, polycthemia vera, OSA

33
Q

Normal Hct (m)

34
Q

Normal Hct (f)

35
Q

Normal hemoglobin (m)

36
Q

Normal hemoglobin (f)

37
Q

elevated hemoglobin

A

dehydration, burns, vomiting

38
Q

decreased hemoglobin

39
Q

average size of RBCs

40
Q

average amount of Hbg per RBC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

41
Q

concentration of hemoglobin in given volume of RBCs

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

42
Q

variation in size of RBCs

A

red cell distribution width (RDW)

43
Q

normal platelet count

44
Q

Elevated platelets

A

thrombocytosis = myeloproliferative disorders

45
Q

decreased platelets

A

thrombocytopenia = bleeding risk, DIC

46
Q

T/F: some conditions can artifically affect results

47
Q

What can increase results?

A

adrenaline, allopurinol, aspirin, heparin, steroids

48
Q

What can decrease results?

A

antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antithyroid, chemo

49
Q

When to order a CBC?

A

1) diagnose, monitor, assess
2) patient with fatigue, pallor, SOB
3) chills or sepsis
4) unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding
5) general screening

50
Q

leukocytosis vs leukopenia

A

infection/inflammation vs bone marrow dysfunction

51
Q

thrombocytosis vs thrombocytopenia

A

bleeding risk vs myeloproliferative disorder

52
Q

universal recipients

53
Q

universal donors

54
Q

protein on RBC that determines + or -

55
Q

protein on surface of cells that help body determine self

A

HLA - human leukocyte antigen

56
Q

packed RBCs

A

retain characteristics of whole blood except 250ml of platelet-rich plasma

57
Q

washed blood products

A

RBC or platelet products

58
Q

irradiated blood products

A

exposed to radiation

59
Q

FFP

A

uncoagulated plasma separated from RBCs, used for blood loss, coagulation, warfarin reversal

60
Q

frozen blood product created from donor’s plasma, for hemophilia A, fibrinogen deficiency

A

cryoprecipitate

61
Q

fractionation of pooled plasma

62
Q

83% albumin, 17% globulin

A

plasma protein fraction

63
Q

hemopure

A

synthetic blood subsitute

64
Q

indications for transfusion

A
  • significant blood loss
  • symptomatic anemia
    -dropping Hgb or Hct levels
    -decreased clotting factors
65
Q

allergic reaction to transfusion

A

antihistamines

66
Q

febrile transfusion reaction

A

antipyretics + antihistamines

Diagnostic Medicine (8 decks)

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