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UA > UA conditions Test #2 > Flashcards

UA conditions Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Fatigue
headaches
fever
exertional dyspnea

A

all anemias

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2
Q

Acute blood loss anemia PP

A

accident or internal hemorrhage

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3
Q

Acute blood loss anemia Blood test

A 
normochromic
macrocytosis
poikilosytosis
nucleated rbi
reticulocytes
increases WBCs (neutrophils)
anisocytosis
decreased platelets

“norma makes peter nut really intense all day”

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4
Q

Chronic blood loss anemia PP

A

slow internal bleeding (not noticed until iron depleted)

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5
Q

Chronic blood loss anemia blood test

A

Microcytic
Hypochromic
increased platelets
leukopenia

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6
Q

Iron deficient anemia PP

A

currently pregnant, young child growing fast
PICA

associated with ulcers and gastrectomy

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7
Q

Iron deficient S&S

A 
PICA
Paresthesia
Burning tongue
Angular stomatitis (cracking mouth in corners)
Gastritis
Dysphagia
Spooning nails

“Peter’s penis burns all day, got syphilis”

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8
Q

Iron deficient Anemia BT

A 
Decrease MCV 
Decrease MCHC 
Decrease HCT (hematocrit)
microcytic
normal WBC
Hypochromic
Anisocytosis 
Poikilocytes
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9
Q

Iron depletion

A

loss exceeds intake

mobilized iron storage

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10
Q

Iron deficient erythropoeisis

A

decreased serum ferrite’s

saturated transfurens

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11
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

pernicious anemia

folate deficient anemia

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12
Q

pernicious anemia PP

A 
numbness or tingling in distal extremity
difficulty walking
episodic abdominal pain
gastroectomy
A vegan
tapworm
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13
Q

Pernicious anemia S&S

A

atrophic glossitis (sore, raw pale)
episodic abdominal pain
Pallesthesia loss of vibratory sensations
UMNL (paresthesia)
post column-pins/needles in distal extremity
lat column- weakness, spastic

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14
Q

Pernicious anemia blood test

A 
increased MCV
decreased hematocrit
normochromic
macrocytic
Poikilocytes
ovalcytes
phlimsy RBC
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15
Q

normal iron problem with dna synth.

A

pernicious anemia

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16
Q

only vitamin exclusive to microorganisms
stored in liver
depleted in people with gastroectomy or vegan

A

B12

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17
Q

Treatment of pernicious anemia

A

intraMuscular injection of B12

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18
Q

FOLATE DEFICIENCY

PP

A 
former
user of alcohol
pregnant
w/ fatigue
normal
B12
Heat
food or use powder milk
vegans
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19
Q

FOLATE DEFICIENCY BT

A 
↓ Serum Folate
B12 normal
Platlets
normal
WBC
normal
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20
Q

STORED
in LIVER
formed
by intestinal bacteria

A

folate

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21
Q

deficiency in folate

A

Heat foods
Powdered Milk
Goats Milk

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22
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA

PP

A 
blood
test with pancytopenia (decrease in all blood cells)
nose
/ gum bleeding
Infection
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23
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA SS

A 
bleeding
from the gums
nose
bleeds frequent
↑
susceptibility to infection
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24
Q

Aplastic Anemia BT

A 
Normocytes
Thrombocytopenia
Leucocytopenia
↑serum feritan
Normochromic
B12 & Folic acid normal
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25
Q

Bone
Marrow production problem
2 WAYS:

A

1) Direct Destruction of Hematocrit
[Drugs (chlorophenical), radiation, virus, hepatitis, Epsteinbarr]
2) ImmuneComplex
Mediated Destruction of Marrow Cells

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26
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

Bone

Marrow Transplant

27
Q

Hemolytic Anemias

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic forms

often leasts to Gallstones

28
Q

Hemolytic intrinsic

A

Intrinsic
Formproblem
w/ membrane, metabolic, or hemoglobin disorder

29
Q

Hemolytic extrinsic

A

Extrinsic
Form factors
outside the RBC (aquired)
***MC cause: malaria

30
Q

Renal Insufficiency Anemia

A 
↓ Erythropoietin
BUN
present
↑ Hemolysis
↑ Urobilinogen levels
31
Q

Liver Disease Anemia

A 
↓ production & survival of RBC
↑ Blood volume.
↑ Reticulocytes
Platelets
normal
Leucocytes
normal
Normo&
Macrocytic
32
Q

spur cells are associated with

A

cirrhosis

33
Q

cirrhosis anemia

A 
↑ Cholesterol
Phospholids normal (trapped in spleen & destroyed)
34
Q

Hypothyroidism [Endocrine]

A 
NO
Reticulocytes
testosterone
deficientcy (low RBC production)
Normo
–cyte & chromic
↓
cortisol
35
Q

Bone Marrow Infiltration

A

Leukemia,

Lymphoma, Mets, MM, Red marrow replaced

36
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis PP

A 
young
child w/ jaundice
splenomegaly
Increase
urobilinogen
brown
stool
37
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis S&S

A 
↑ Urobilinogen in urine
Jaundice
Brown
Stool
spleenomegaly
Macrocytic
cells (lyses when going through capillary)
38
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis BT

A 
increased Neutrophils w/ shift to left
↑ Reticulocytes
↑ MCHC
NORMAL
MCV
Thrombocytes
Normo/
Giant Platelets
Macrocytic
39
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis treatment

A

Spleenectomy

40
Q

*** Occurs from a SUBSTITUTION of VALINE for Glutamine at the 6 th Postion on Beta Chain
IRREVERSABLE
↓
O 2

A

Sickle Cell Disease

41
Q

Problem w/ Bone Marrow Hyperplasia
(
ulcer in leg)

A

Sickle cell disease

42
Q

sickle cell disease PP

A 
African
American decent
swelling
in dorsum of hand & foot
Decreased
O2
Periostitis
43
Q

sickle cell disease S&S

A

Normo–cytic & chromic
Periostitis(before age 4) &
hand& feet syndrome (swelling on dorsal side)
Spleen Triad
1) blood pooling
2) spleenomegaly & hypovolemic shoke
3) Functional Asplenia ( blocked RE filters)

44
Q

Sickle cell Blood test

A 
Howard Jolly Bodies (remnants of chromatin of RBC)
Target
Cells
Sickle
Cells
Tripanocytes
45
Q 
Problem
not making on polypeptide chain at the same rate as the other
***MC are Alpha & Beta chains
Destabilizes
the RBC
A

Thalassemia

aka [Medditeranean, Cooley’s Anemia]

46
Q

Thalassemia PP

A

European decent
Delayed puberty
prominent jaw
mongoloid appearance

47
Q

Thalassemia Blood Test

A 
Extreme Poikilocytes
Howard Jolly Bodies
↓ MCV
Microcytic
Hypochromic
Ovalcytes
Target Cells
48
Q

**Beta Major thalassemia

A

Iron overload
Jaundice
Leg ulceration
Splenomegaly

49
Q

thalassemia treatments

A

Minor
(none needed)
Major
(blood transfusion, splenoectomy)

50
Q

Metabolic Hemolysis

A

deficit in enzyme activity of RBC

Inherited

51
Q

Metabolic Hemolysis lack of

A 
Lacking:
pyruvate kinase
glycolytic enzymes
mitochondria
G6P Dehydrogenase
Pyramidine 5 Nucleotidase
52
Q

(group of diseases that cuase cancer in Lymphnodes)

usually B &T cells

A

NonHodgkin’s

Lymphoma

53
Q

NonHodgkin’s

Lymphoma S&S

A
  • Slow progressive
  • Painless Lymphoadenopathy (pathological lymphnodes)
  • one or widespread
  • Night Sweats
  • Located retroperitoneal, pelvic, abdominal areas
  • seen on Xray (dense white masses)
  • further tested by CT & Xrays
  • Mediastinal (behind sternum)
  • Edemain the Face
  • ureteralblockages (oliguria)
  • anemia (bone marrow infiltration)
54
Q

NonHodgkin’s

Lymphoma lab study

A

Normal

55
Q

diagnosis for non hodgkin’s

A

chest X-ray

56
Q
  • **Greatest Age risk (15-35yrs)

* **painless mass in neck

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

57
Q

ReedSternberg

Cells in lab tests

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

58
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma PP

A

painless mass in neck (made painful by alcohol consumption)
Intense itching over the body
difficulty swallowing

59
Q

Hodgkin’s S&S

A

**Ivory Vertebra
**Spinal Cord Compression
***Horner’s syndrome
leg edema
tracheal blockage
arises in one node, then metastasis

60
Q

leukemia Chronic vs acute

A

chronic- normocytic normochomic

acute- pancytopenia, circulating leukoblasts

61
Q

CLL

A

90% >50 years old
incidental discovery
isolated lymphocytes
malignancy of B lymphocytes

62
Q

CML

A

young middle aged adults

63
Q

ALL

A

80% of all childhood leukemia
3-7 y/o
quick onset
lymph swelling

64
Q

AML

A

few months old or 60+ years

Bone marrow swelling

UA (6 decks)

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