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UA conditions Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Fatigue
headaches
fever
exertional dyspnea

A

all anemias

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2
Q

Acute blood loss anemia PP

A

accident or internal hemorrhage

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3
Q

Acute blood loss anemia Blood test

A 
normochromic
macrocytosis
poikilosytosis
nucleated rbi
reticulocytes
increases WBCs (neutrophils)
anisocytosis
decreased platelets

“norma makes peter nut really intense all day”

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4
Q

Chronic blood loss anemia PP

A

slow internal bleeding (not noticed until iron depleted)

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5
Q

Chronic blood loss anemia blood test

A

Microcytic
Hypochromic
increased platelets
leukopenia

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6
Q

Iron deficient anemia PP

A

currently pregnant, young child growing fast
PICA

associated with ulcers and gastrectomy

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7
Q

Iron deficient S&S

A 
PICA
Paresthesia
Burning tongue
Angular stomatitis (cracking mouth in corners)
Gastritis
Dysphagia
Spooning nails

“Peter’s penis burns all day, got syphilis”

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8
Q

Iron deficient Anemia BT

A 
Decrease MCV 
Decrease MCHC 
Decrease HCT (hematocrit)
microcytic
normal WBC
Hypochromic
Anisocytosis 
Poikilocytes
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9
Q

Iron depletion

A

loss exceeds intake

mobilized iron storage

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10
Q

Iron deficient erythropoeisis

A

decreased serum ferrite’s

saturated transfurens

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11
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

pernicious anemia

folate deficient anemia

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12
Q

pernicious anemia PP

A 
numbness or tingling in distal extremity
difficulty walking
episodic abdominal pain
gastroectomy
A vegan
tapworm
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13
Q

Pernicious anemia S&S

A

atrophic glossitis (sore, raw pale)
episodic abdominal pain
Pallesthesia loss of vibratory sensations
UMNL (paresthesia)
post column-pins/needles in distal extremity
lat column- weakness, spastic

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14
Q

Pernicious anemia blood test

A 
increased MCV
decreased hematocrit
normochromic
macrocytic
Poikilocytes
ovalcytes
phlimsy RBC
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15
Q

normal iron problem with dna synth.

A

pernicious anemia

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16
Q

only vitamin exclusive to microorganisms
stored in liver
depleted in people with gastroectomy or vegan

A

B12

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17
Q

Treatment of pernicious anemia

A

intraMuscular injection of B12

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18
Q

FOLATE DEFICIENCY

PP

A 
former
user of alcohol
pregnant
w/ fatigue
normal
B12
Heat
food or use powder milk
vegans
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19
Q

FOLATE DEFICIENCY BT

A 
↓ Serum Folate
B12 normal
Platlets
normal
WBC
normal
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20
Q

STORED
in LIVER
formed
by intestinal bacteria

A

folate

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21
Q

deficiency in folate

A

Heat foods
Powdered Milk
Goats Milk

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22
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA

PP

A 
blood
test with pancytopenia (decrease in all blood cells)
nose
/ gum bleeding
Infection
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23
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA SS

A 
bleeding
from the gums
nose
bleeds frequent
↑
susceptibility to infection
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24
Q

Aplastic Anemia BT

A 
Normocytes
Thrombocytopenia
Leucocytopenia
↑serum feritan
Normochromic
B12 & Folic acid normal
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25
Bone Marrow production problem 2 WAYS:
1) Direct Destruction of Hematocrit [Drugs (chlorophenical), radiation, virus, hepatitis, Epsteinbarr] 2) ImmuneComplex Mediated Destruction of Marrow Cells
26
Aplastic Anemia
Bone | Marrow Transplant
27
Hemolytic Anemias
Intrinsic and extrinsic forms often leasts to Gallstones
28
Hemolytic intrinsic
Intrinsic Formproblem w/ membrane, metabolic, or hemoglobin disorder
29
Hemolytic extrinsic
Extrinsic Form factors outside the RBC (aquired) ***MC cause: malaria
30
Renal Insufficiency Anemia
``` ↓ Erythropoietin BUN present ↑ Hemolysis ↑ Urobilinogen levels ```
31
Liver Disease Anemia
``` ↓ production & survival of RBC ↑ Blood volume. ↑ Reticulocytes Platelets normal Leucocytes normal Normo& Macrocytic ```
32
spur cells are associated with
cirrhosis
33
cirrhosis anemia
``` ↑ Cholesterol Phospholids normal (trapped in spleen & destroyed) ```
34
Hypothyroidism [Endocrine]
``` NO Reticulocytes testosterone deficientcy (low RBC production) Normo –cyte & chromic ↓ cortisol ```
35
Bone Marrow Infiltration
Leukemia, | Lymphoma, Mets, MM, Red marrow replaced
36
Hereditary Spherocytosis PP
``` young child w/ jaundice splenomegaly Increase urobilinogen brown stool ```
37
Hereditary Spherocytosis S&S
``` ↑ Urobilinogen in urine Jaundice Brown Stool spleenomegaly Macrocytic cells (lyses when going through capillary) ```
38
Hereditary Spherocytosis BT
``` increased Neutrophils w/ shift to left ↑ Reticulocytes ↑ MCHC NORMAL MCV Thrombocytes Normo/ Giant Platelets Macrocytic ```
39
Hereditary Spherocytosis treatment
Spleenectomy
40
*** Occurs from a SUBSTITUTION of VALINE for Glutamine at the 6 th Postion on Beta Chain IRREVERSABLE ↓ O 2
Sickle Cell Disease
41
Problem w/ Bone Marrow Hyperplasia ( ulcer in leg)
Sickle cell disease
42
sickle cell disease PP
``` African American decent swelling in dorsum of hand & foot Decreased O2 Periostitis ```
43
sickle cell disease S&S
Normo–cytic & chromic Periostitis(before age 4) & hand& feet syndrome (swelling on dorsal side) Spleen Triad 1) blood pooling 2) spleenomegaly & hypovolemic shoke 3) Functional Asplenia ( blocked RE filters)
44
Sickle cell Blood test
``` Howard Jolly Bodies (remnants of chromatin of RBC) Target Cells Sickle Cells Tripanocytes ```
45
``` Problem not making on polypeptide chain at the same rate as the other ***MC are Alpha & Beta chains Destabilizes the RBC ```
Thalassemia | aka [Medditeranean, Cooley's Anemia]
46
Thalassemia PP
European decent Delayed puberty prominent jaw mongoloid appearance
47
Thalassemia Blood Test
``` Extreme Poikilocytes Howard Jolly Bodies ↓ MCV Microcytic Hypochromic Ovalcytes Target Cells ```
48
**Beta Major thalassemia
Iron overload Jaundice Leg ulceration Splenomegaly
49
thalassemia treatments
Minor (none needed) Major (blood transfusion, splenoectomy)
50
Metabolic Hemolysis
deficit in enzyme activity of RBC | Inherited
51
Metabolic Hemolysis lack of
``` Lacking: pyruvate kinase glycolytic enzymes mitochondria G6P Dehydrogenase Pyramidine 5 Nucleotidase ```
52
(group of diseases that cuase cancer in Lymphnodes) | usually B &T cells
NonHodgkin’s | Lymphoma
53
NonHodgkin’s | Lymphoma S&S
- Slow progressive - Painless Lymphoadenopathy (pathological lymphnodes) - one or widespread - Night Sweats - Located retroperitoneal, pelvic, abdominal areas - seen on Xray (dense white masses) - further tested by CT & Xrays - Mediastinal (behind sternum) - Edemain the Face - ureteralblockages (oliguria) - anemia (bone marrow infiltration)
54
NonHodgkin’s | Lymphoma lab study
Normal
55
diagnosis for non hodgkin's
chest X-ray
56
* **Greatest Age risk (15-35yrs) | * **painless mass in neck
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
57
ReedSternberg | Cells in lab tests
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
58
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma PP
painless mass in neck (made painful by alcohol consumption) Intense itching over the body difficulty swallowing
59
Hodgkin's S&S
***Ivory Vertebra ***Spinal Cord Compression ***Horner’s syndrome leg edema tracheal blockage arises in one node, then metastasis
60
leukemia Chronic vs acute
chronic- normocytic normochomic | acute- pancytopenia, circulating leukoblasts
61
CLL
90% >50 years old incidental discovery isolated lymphocytes malignancy of B lymphocytes
62
CML
young middle aged adults
63
ALL
80% of all childhood leukemia 3-7 y/o quick onset lymph swelling
64
AML
few months old or 60+ years | Bone marrow swelling

UA (6 decks)

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