first test #1

Question 1

3 components of the glomerular capillary wall from inside out

Answer 1

1. endothelial cells (with fenestra)
2. Glomular basement membrane
3. Visceral epithelial cells

Question 2

glucose renal threshold is 160-180 mg/dl

Answer 2

maximum range of glaucoma reabsorption in the renal tubule

Question 3

aldsosterone is for _____ reabsorption and is released by the the ______ _____

Answer 3

sodium, zona glomerulosa (adrenal cortex)

Question 4

releases the trigger for angiotensin II

Answer 4

aldosterone

Question 5

order of cellular cast degradation

Answer 5

cellular >granular>waxy

Question 6

indicates cholecystitis

Answer 6

murphey’s sign

Question 7

green brown urine usually indicates

Answer 7

cholecystits (positive murphy’s sign)

Question 8

urine dark with yellow foam

Answer 8

Icterus/jaundice

Question 9

presence of bilirubin in urine

Answer 9

Liver or gallbladder disease

Question 10

elevated level of conjugated serum bilirubin implies

Answer 10

liver disease or cholestatic disease

Question 11

Direct bilirubin is soluble in water (conjugated)

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Bilirubin+albumin is unconjugated

Answer 12

non water soluble

Question 13

bilirubin comes from the breakdown of

Answer 13

hemoglobin

Question 14

what increases urobilnogen

Answer 14

hemolytic anemia

Question 15

ketones + suger =

Answer 15

diabetes mellitus

Question 16

down regulation of receptors is usually an issue for

Answer 16

diabetes mellitus

Question 17

______ are made by the liver for ____ metabolism

Answer 17

ketones, fat

Question 18

Renin is release by the______ of the kidney is response to volume _____

Answer 18

juxtaglomerular, depletion

Question 19

what is a precursor to angiotensinogen

Answer 19

Renin

Question 20

sudden onset of severe pain originating at the flank and radiating inferiorly and anteriorly

Answer 20

renal colic

Question 21

Ca Oxalate and amophous crystals are found in ___ PH ruine and in ______ solute concentration

Answer 21

low (below 7), high

Question 22

renal colic what test should be positive

Answer 22

murphy’s punch

Question 23

Ca Oxalate crystals can indicate

Answer 23

Kidney stones

Question 24

drinking alcohol puts one at greater risk for

Answer 24

kidney stones

Question 25

ADH works at the _______ of the kidney

Answer 25

Cortical collecting tubule and the collecting duct

Question 26

signs of pyelonephritis (infection)

Answer 26

increase wbcs, painful urination, no sexual activity

Question 27

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 27

inflammation of kidney not associated with infection

Question 28

Most likely bacteria of UTI

Answer 28

e.coli

Question 29

what ph of urine is optimal for e.coli

Answer 29

7.24 (7+ to survive)

Question 30

high specific gravity with, cholesterol crystals, fatty/ waxy casts, with lots of edema and ascites

Answer 30

nephrotic syndrome

Question 31

_______ is commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 31

glomerulonephritis

Question 32

cannot metabolize branch chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine)

Answer 32

maple syrup urine disease

Question 33

alport syndrome

Answer 33

glomerulonephritis, manifested by nephritic syndrome

Question 34

spenomegaly, hepatomegaly are associated with

Answer 34

alport syndrome

Question 35

ADH is produced in the ______ and released by _____

Answer 35

hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

Question 36

Diabetes insipidous

Answer 36

polyuria, insufficient ADH, low specific gravity due to frequency of urination

Question 37

most common cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 37

vomiting (loss of H+)

Question 38

rbc casts, mild to moderate proteinurea, and no pitting edema...

Answer 38

nephritic syndrome

Question 39

fatty casts 3.4 or more grams of protein and pitting edema

Answer 39

nephrotic syndrome

Question 40

ADH is made in the ______ and released from the _____

Answer 40

hypothalamus, post. pituitary

Question 41

Usually found with UTIs

Answer 41

triple phosphate

Question 42

GMN signs

Answer 42

proetinuria, hematuria, darker urine, edema, hypertension, oliguria

Question 43

uncontrolled DM, what is the immediate threat?

Answer 43

GMN

Question 44

ketones with absence of glucose but not dieting ____ must be considered in the diff diagnosis

Answer 44

cancer

Question 45

elevated HCG levels in 24 hour urine specimen may indicate what?

Answer 45

pregnancy