U8 Arthrology

Question 1

Arthrology

Answer 1

study of bone articulations & their movements

Question 2

Articulation

Answer 2

a joint or juncture between bones or cartilages in the skeleton

Question 3

2 classifications of joints

Answer 3

1. structural (tissues binding bones)
2. functional (movement of bones)

Question 4

fibrous joints

Answer 4

-lack a joint cavity
-held together by fibrous connective tissues (ex. ligaments)
-3 types
1. syndesmosis
2. skull suture
3. gomphosis

Question 5

cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

-lack a joint cavity
-held together by cartilage connective tissues
-2 types
1. symphyses
2. synchondroses

Question 6

synovial joints

Answer 6

-freely moving joints contained within a joint cavity

Question 7

diarthrodial joints

Answer 7

-freely moving
-all extremity joints EXCEPT distal tibiofibular joint

Question 8

amphiarthordial joints

Answer 8

-allow for expansion and contraction but not free movement
-slightly movable
-examples
-interverbetral disc joints
- symphysis pubis

Question 9

synarthrodial joitns

Answer 9

-completely fused, non moving
-examples
-skull sutures
- fused epiphyseal palates

Question 10

hinge joint

Answer 10

-aka ginglymus
-flexion and extension only
-examples
- elbow
- fingers

Question 11

bicondylar

Answer 11

-same as hinge, constructed differently
-flexion and extension only
-examples
-knee
- TMJ

Question 12

condyloid

Answer 12

-aka. ellipsoid
-flexion, extension
-abduction, adduction
-examples
- metacarpophalangeal
- wrist

Question 13

ball & socket

Answer 13

-aka. spheroid
- formed by a rounded head fitting into a fossa
-flexion & extension
-abduction & adduction
-rotation
-examples
-hip
- shoulder

Question 14

Pivot

Answer 14

-aka. trochoid
-rotation within a ring, one bone rotates around another
-examples
- c1-2 joint
- proximal & distal radioulnar

Question 15

Gliding

Answer 15

-aka. plane
-two or more bones that glide across each other within a limited range
-freely move with restriction
-examples.
- carpals
- tarsals

Question 16

saddle

Answer 16

-aka sellar
-special movement associated with the thumb
-flexion & extension
-abduction & adduction
-circumduction (rotation)

Question 17

Fibrous capsule

Answer 17

-tough, fibrous tissue that surrounds/encapsulates the joint
-freely moving joint

Question 18

synovial membrane

Answer 18

-inner lining of the joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid

Question 19

synovial fluid

Answer 19

-lubricating fluid within the synovial capsule
-produced by the synovial membrane

Question 20

bursa

Answer 20

-sacs of synovial fluid where tendons or ligaments rub against bone
-acts as a cushion
-not part of the joint cavity

Question 21

articular cartilage

Answer 21

-hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones
-“cushions” the bones at joints

Question 22

Meniscus

Answer 22

-crescent shaped cartilage
-adds additional support and stability to knee joint (and TMJ) ONLY

Question 23

ligaments

Answer 23

-fibrous connective tissue binding bones together
-allows for joint movement

Question 24

tendons

Answer 24

-fibrous connective tissue binding muscle to bones
-more delicate than ligaments
-heal faster than ligaments