U4AOS2

Question 1

Mental wellbeing

Answer 1

An individual’s current state of mind, including their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions.

Question 2

Resilience

Answer 2

Ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty

Question 3

Social wellbeing

Answer 3

Ability to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others, and adapt to different social situations

Question 4

Emotional wellbeing

Answer 4

Ability to control and express one’s own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others

Question 5

DDD in mental disorder

Answer 5

Distress- unpleasant experience of person or their loved ones
Dysfunction- impacts their ability to complete daily tasks and cope with everyday life
Deviance- thoughts and behaviours that are inconsistent with their culture or society

Question 6

SEWB domains

Answer 6

Connection to
- Body and behaviours
- Mind and emotions
- Family and kinship
- Spirit and ancestors
- Country and land
- Community
- Culture

Question 7

SEWB framework

Answer 7

Includes social, emotional, physical, cultural and spiritual dimensions of wellbeing and is a holistic and intertwined view of wellbeing

Question 8

Stress

Answer 8

state of mental and physiological tension resulting from factors that are perceived to challenge our ability to cope

Question 9

Anxiety

Answer 9

A psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension about a perceived threat

Question 10

Phobia

Answer 10

Persistent, intense and irrational fear of a specific object or event

Question 11

Difference between stress and anxiety

Answer 11

Stress- response to a known stimulus
Can elicit positive or negative emotions
Anxiety- response to an unknown stimulus or something that will happen in the future
Elicits negative emotions (worry or apprehension)

Question 12

Difference between anxiety and phobia

Answer 12

Phobia includes feelings of fear that are excessive and always maladaptive
Anxiety involves feelings of worry, apprehension or unease

Question 13

Protective factors

Answer 13

Influences that promote and maintain high levels of mental wellbeing

Question 14

Adequate nutrition and hydration definition

Answer 14

The type and amount of food and drink meets an individuals physical needs

Question 15

How does sleep affect mental wellbeing?

Answer 15

Getting an adequate quality and quantity of sleep can decrease likelihood of getting a mental illness

Question 16

Identify and describe psychological factors

Answer 16

Cognitive behavioural strategies- identifies and corrects patterns of thinking that may be threatening or affect mental wellbeing
Mindfulness meditation- focusing their attention to the present. Its a relaxation strategy that reduces stress and anxiety

Question 17

Determinants of wellbeing

Answer 17

Factors that influence wellbeing on an individual and community levels

Question 18

Social determinants

Answer 18

Circumstance in which a person grow, live and work, and the systems put in place to deal with illness

Question 19

Historical determinants

Answer 19

The ongoing influence of events, policies and trauma on groups of people

Question 20

Political determinants

Answer 20

Influences that shape the process of distributing resources and power to a person and community

Question 21

Culture

Answer 21

Encompasses a strong sense of identity, values, traditions and connections between past, present and future that drives behaviours and beliefs

Question 22

Cultural continuity

Answer 22

Passing down and active practice of cultural knowledge, traditions and values

Question 23

Self-determination

Answer 23

Rights of an individual to freely pursue economic, social and cultural development

Question 24

Specific phobia

Answer 24

Diagnosable anxiety disorder that elicits a persistent, irrational and intense fear of a particular stimulus

Question 25

How does GABA dysfunction help to develop a persons phobia?

Answer 25

- GABA makes the post-synaptic neurons less likely to fire an action potential - When there is a lower level of GABA, this inhibitory effect is reduced, leads to a higher activation of the neural pathway involved with fear - Also involves GABA not binding to the receptor sites, resulting in same effect - Stress response is more easily triggered

Question 26

LTP's role in developing a phobia

Answer 26

- LTP strengthens the neural connections related to the fear response due to the phobic stimulus - This association is strengthened and therefore less likely to forget

Question 27

Development of phobia includes ________ by classical conditioning ________ by operant conditioning

Answer 27

Precipitation Perpetuation

Question 28

Precipitation factors and perpetuating factors definition

Answer 28

Precipitation- factors that increase susceptibility of developing a specific phobia Perpetuating- factors that inhibit a person to recover from specific phobia

Question 29

Memory bias and catastrophic thinking

Answer 29

Memory bias- distorted thinking that enhances or impairs the recall of memories Catastrophic thinking- Exaggerating the worst possible outcomes even though they're unlikely to happen

Question 30

How does memory bias contribute to developing a phobia?

Answer 30

People may exaggerate their phobic stimulus when recalling the event or they may minimise memories that challenge their phobia

Question 31

How does catastrophic thinking contribute to developing a phobia?

Answer 31

When a person imagines the worst possible outcome from being exposed to their fear, this heightens their anxiety/distress and prevents them from overcoming their fear

Question 32

Cognitive bias

Answer 32

Predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way that may cause error in people's judgement

Question 33

Specific environmental triggers and stigma

Answer 33

Specific environmental triggers- negative and traumatic experience with the object of a phobia Stigma- Negative attitudes and beliefs held by the wider community

Question 34

Psychoeducation

Answer 34

Educating a person's support network about strategies to manage a phobia

Question 35

Agonists

Answer 35

Drugs that mimic or enhance action of a neurotransmitter

Question 36

How does GABA agonists contribute to phobias?

Answer 36

- GABA agonists bind to receptor sites of GABA, making the post-synaptic neuron less likely to fire, reduces anxiety and fear response - Also increases efficiency of GABA

Question 37

How does breathing retraining contribute to phobias?

Answer 37

- When a person is anxious/scared, they breathe heavily leading to low levels of carbon dioxide - Breathing retraining helps to promote relaxation and restore the balance between O2 and CO2 levels

Question 38

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 38

Technique that replaces a person's maladaptive thoughts and behaviours

Question 39

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 39

Progressively introducing phobic stimulus while using a relaxation response