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Psychology > U4AOS2 > Flashcards

U4AOS2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental wellbeing

A

An individual’s current state of mind, including their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions.

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2
Q

Resilience

A

Ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty

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3
Q

Social wellbeing

A

Ability to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others, and adapt to different social situations

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4
Q

Emotional wellbeing

A

Ability to control and express one’s own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others

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5
Q

DDD in mental disorder

A

Distress- unpleasant experience of person or their loved ones
Dysfunction- impacts their ability to complete daily tasks and cope with everyday life
Deviance- thoughts and behaviours that are inconsistent with their culture or society

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6
Q

SEWB domains

A

Connection to
- Body and behaviours
- Mind and emotions
- Family and kinship
- Spirit and ancestors
- Country and land
- Community
- Culture

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7
Q

SEWB framework

A

Includes social, emotional, physical, cultural and spiritual dimensions of wellbeing and is a holistic and intertwined view of wellbeing

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8
Q

Stress

A

state of mental and physiological tension resulting from factors that are perceived to challenge our ability to cope

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9
Q

Anxiety

A

A psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension about a perceived threat

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10
Q

Phobia

A

Persistent, intense and irrational fear of a specific object or event

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11
Q

Difference between stress and anxiety

A

Stress- response to a known stimulus
Can elicit positive or negative emotions
Anxiety- response to an unknown stimulus or something that will happen in the future
Elicits negative emotions (worry or apprehension)

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12
Q

Difference between anxiety and phobia

A

Phobia includes feelings of fear that are excessive and always maladaptive
Anxiety involves feelings of worry, apprehension or unease

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13
Q

Protective factors

A

Influences that promote and maintain high levels of mental wellbeing

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14
Q

Adequate nutrition and hydration definition

A

The type and amount of food and drink meets an individuals physical needs

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15
Q

How does sleep affect mental wellbeing?

A

Getting an adequate quality and quantity of sleep can decrease likelihood of getting a mental illness

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16
Q

Identify and describe psychological factors

A

Cognitive behavioural strategies- identifies and corrects patterns of thinking that may be threatening or affect mental wellbeing
Mindfulness meditation- focusing their attention to the present. Its a relaxation strategy that reduces stress and anxiety

17
Q

Determinants of wellbeing

A

Factors that influence wellbeing on an individual and community levels

18
Q

Social determinants

A

Circumstance in which a person grow, live and work, and the systems put in place to deal with illness

19
Q

Historical determinants

A

The ongoing influence of events, policies and trauma on groups of people

20
Q

Political determinants

A

Influences that shape the process of distributing resources and power to a person and community

21
Q

Culture

A

Encompasses a strong sense of identity, values, traditions and connections between past, present and future that drives behaviours and beliefs

22
Q

Cultural continuity

A

Passing down and active practice of cultural knowledge, traditions and values

23
Q

Self-determination

A

Rights of an individual to freely pursue economic, social and cultural development

24
Q

Specific phobia

A

Diagnosable anxiety disorder that elicits a persistent, irrational and intense fear of a particular stimulus

25
Q

How does GABA dysfunction help to develop a persons phobia?

A
  • GABA makes the post-synaptic neurons less likely to fire an action potential
  • When there is a lower level of GABA, this inhibitory effect is reduced, leads to a higher activation of the neural pathway involved with fear
  • Also involves GABA not binding to the receptor sites, resulting in same effect
  • Stress response is more easily triggered
26
Q

LTP’s role in developing a phobia

A
  • LTP strengthens the neural connections related to the fear response due to the phobic stimulus
  • This association is strengthened and therefore less likely to forget
27
Q

Development of phobia includes
________ by classical conditioning
________ by operant conditioning

A

Precipitation
Perpetuation

28
Q

Precipitation factors and perpetuating factors definition

A

Precipitation- factors that increase susceptibility of developing a specific phobia
Perpetuating- factors that inhibit a person to recover from specific phobia

29
Q

Memory bias and catastrophic thinking

A

Memory bias- distorted thinking that enhances or impairs the recall of memories
Catastrophic thinking- Exaggerating the worst possible outcomes even though they’re unlikely to happen

30
Q

How does memory bias contribute to developing a phobia?

A

People may exaggerate their phobic stimulus when recalling the event or they may minimise memories that challenge their phobia

31
Q

How does catastrophic thinking contribute to developing a phobia?

A

When a person imagines the worst possible outcome from being exposed to their fear, this heightens their anxiety/distress and prevents them from overcoming their fear

32
Q

Cognitive bias

A

Predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way that may cause error in people’s judgement

33
Q

Specific environmental triggers and stigma

A

Specific environmental triggers- negative and traumatic experience with the object of a phobia
Stigma- Negative attitudes and beliefs held by the wider community

34
Q

Psychoeducation

A

Educating a person’s support network about strategies to manage a phobia

35
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that mimic or enhance action of a neurotransmitter

36
Q

How does GABA agonists contribute to phobias?

A
  • GABA agonists bind to receptor sites of GABA, making the post-synaptic neuron less likely to fire, reduces anxiety and fear response
  • Also increases efficiency of GABA
37
Q

How does breathing retraining contribute to phobias?

A
  • When a person is anxious/scared, they breathe heavily leading to low levels of carbon dioxide
  • Breathing retraining helps to promote relaxation and restore the balance between O2 and CO2 levels
38
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy

A

Technique that replaces a person’s maladaptive thoughts and behaviours

39
Q

Systematic desensitisation

A

Progressively introducing phobic stimulus while using a relaxation response

Psychology (5 decks)

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