U4AOS2 Flashcards
Mental wellbeing
An individual’s current state of mind, including their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions.
Resilience
Ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty
Social wellbeing
Ability to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others, and adapt to different social situations
Emotional wellbeing
Ability to control and express one’s own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others
DDD in mental disorder
Distress- unpleasant experience of person or their loved ones
Dysfunction- impacts their ability to complete daily tasks and cope with everyday life
Deviance- thoughts and behaviours that are inconsistent with their culture or society
SEWB domains
Connection to
- Body and behaviours
- Mind and emotions
- Family and kinship
- Spirit and ancestors
- Country and land
- Community
- Culture
SEWB framework
Includes social, emotional, physical, cultural and spiritual dimensions of wellbeing and is a holistic and intertwined view of wellbeing
Stress
state of mental and physiological tension resulting from factors that are perceived to challenge our ability to cope
Anxiety
A psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension about a perceived threat
Phobia
Persistent, intense and irrational fear of a specific object or event
Difference between stress and anxiety
Stress- response to a known stimulus
Can elicit positive or negative emotions
Anxiety- response to an unknown stimulus or something that will happen in the future
Elicits negative emotions (worry or apprehension)
Difference between anxiety and phobia
Phobia includes feelings of fear that are excessive and always maladaptive
Anxiety involves feelings of worry, apprehension or unease
Protective factors
Influences that promote and maintain high levels of mental wellbeing
Adequate nutrition and hydration definition
The type and amount of food and drink meets an individuals physical needs
How does sleep affect mental wellbeing?
Getting an adequate quality and quantity of sleep can decrease likelihood of getting a mental illness
Identify and describe psychological factors
Cognitive behavioural strategies- identifies and corrects patterns of thinking that may be threatening or affect mental wellbeing
Mindfulness meditation- focusing their attention to the present. Its a relaxation strategy that reduces stress and anxiety
Determinants of wellbeing
Factors that influence wellbeing on an individual and community levels
Social determinants
Circumstance in which a person grow, live and work, and the systems put in place to deal with illness
Historical determinants
The ongoing influence of events, policies and trauma on groups of people
Political determinants
Influences that shape the process of distributing resources and power to a person and community
Culture
Encompasses a strong sense of identity, values, traditions and connections between past, present and future that drives behaviours and beliefs
Cultural continuity
Passing down and active practice of cultural knowledge, traditions and values
Self-determination
Rights of an individual to freely pursue economic, social and cultural development
Specific phobia
Diagnosable anxiety disorder that elicits a persistent, irrational and intense fear of a particular stimulus
How does GABA dysfunction help to develop a persons phobia?
- GABA makes the post-synaptic neurons less likely to fire an action potential
- When there is a lower level of GABA, this inhibitory effect is reduced, leads to a higher activation of the neural pathway involved with fear
- Also involves GABA not binding to the receptor sites, resulting in same effect
- Stress response is more easily triggered
LTP’s role in developing a phobia
- LTP strengthens the neural connections related to the fear response due to the phobic stimulus
- This association is strengthened and therefore less likely to forget
Development of phobia includes
________ by classical conditioning
________ by operant conditioning
Precipitation
Perpetuation
Precipitation factors and perpetuating factors definition
Precipitation- factors that increase susceptibility of developing a specific phobia
Perpetuating- factors that inhibit a person to recover from specific phobia
Memory bias and catastrophic thinking
Memory bias- distorted thinking that enhances or impairs the recall of memories
Catastrophic thinking- Exaggerating the worst possible outcomes even though they’re unlikely to happen
How does memory bias contribute to developing a phobia?
People may exaggerate their phobic stimulus when recalling the event or they may minimise memories that challenge their phobia
How does catastrophic thinking contribute to developing a phobia?
When a person imagines the worst possible outcome from being exposed to their fear, this heightens their anxiety/distress and prevents them from overcoming their fear
Cognitive bias
Predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way that may cause error in people’s judgement
Specific environmental triggers and stigma
Specific environmental triggers- negative and traumatic experience with the object of a phobia
Stigma- Negative attitudes and beliefs held by the wider community
Psychoeducation
Educating a person’s support network about strategies to manage a phobia
Agonists
Drugs that mimic or enhance action of a neurotransmitter
How does GABA agonists contribute to phobias?
- GABA agonists bind to receptor sites of GABA, making the post-synaptic neuron less likely to fire, reduces anxiety and fear response
- Also increases efficiency of GABA
How does breathing retraining contribute to phobias?
- When a person is anxious/scared, they breathe heavily leading to low levels of carbon dioxide
- Breathing retraining helps to promote relaxation and restore the balance between O2 and CO2 levels
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Technique that replaces a person’s maladaptive thoughts and behaviours
Systematic desensitisation
Progressively introducing phobic stimulus while using a relaxation response
