U4 homeostasis

Question 1

what is homeostasis

Answer 1

maintaining the insides to be in a constant state while the outside changes

Question 2

explain endotherm vs ectotherm

Answer 2

endotherm is the ability to keep internal temperature constant (warmblooded)
ectotherm is internal temperature changing with the environment (coldblooded)

Question 3

explain positive vs negative feedback

Answer 3

negative feedback is a system that brings it back to its original state (maintains homeostasis)

positive feedback is a system where the end product forces a change which brings it further from its original state

Question 4

hormones

Answer 4

chemicals secreted from glands that enter blood streams that effect target cells

Question 5

explain peptide vs steroid hormones and give examples

Answer 5

peptide: made of amino acids, eg. thyroid stimulating hormone, oxytocin, prolactin

steroid: circulates in blood and binds to proteins, are long lasting hormones and have affinity for lipid structures
eg. estrogen

Question 6

what is the significance of cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

Answer 6

a second messenger. sends a signal for a cascade of events that change enzymatic activity in a cell to cause the target effect of a cell

Question 7

explain endocrine system

Answer 7

secretes hormone in blood to release hormones to other parts of body. longer lasting effect

Question 8

what are glands

Answer 8

any structure that secretes hormones.
pituitary glands are the master glands that produce hormones to signal other glands

Question 9

explain alpha vs beta cells of islets of langerhans

Answer 9

alpha cells produce glycogen
beta cells produce insulin

Question 10

an increase in blood sugar causes pancreas to release _____________ which in turn causes liver to convert _________ into ________

Answer 10

blood sugar ↑, pancreas release insulin –> liver converts glucagon to glycogen

blood sugar ↓, pancreas release glucagon –> liver converts glycogen into glucose

Question 11

pancreas function

Answer 11

release insulin to regulate sugar levels

Question 12

canada’s contribution to insulin

Answer 12

Fredrick Banting and Charles Best confirmed that insulin is responsible for blood regulation and successfully did the insulin injection in dogs

Question 13

type 1 vs type 2 diabetes

Answer 13

type 1 is caused by an autoimmune disease where the pancreas is not able to produce insulin (destroys beta cells which produce insulin)

type 2 is a disease caused by lifestyle choices, diet, lack of exercise, stress

Question 14

what is gestational diabetes

Answer 14

diabetes developed in pregnant women

Question 15

what is juvenile diabetes

Answer 15

type 1 diabetes

Question 16

hyperglycemia

Answer 16

high blood sugar (low insulin/can’t produce insulin)

Question 17

A fasting blood glucose test level less than 100 mg/dL is considered normal.

A fasting blood glucose level of _______ indicates diabetes

Answer 17

126mg/dL or higher on two separate tests

Question 18

risks for factors of diabetes 1

Answer 18

genetics, age, geography

Question 19

glucose homeostasis

Answer 19

stabilize blood levels in response to internal and external changes

Question 20

thyroid metabolism function

Answer 20

releases thyroxine hormone which controls how fast nutrients are broken down and performs cellular respiration

Question 21

what gland controls thyroid gland

Answer 21

pituitary gland and hypothalamus gland