U2 - Genetics Flashcards
what is a nucleic acid
large biomolecules essential in all cells and viruses
purine
double carbon ring structure with adenine and guanine
pyrimidine
single carbon ring structure with thymine and cytosine and uracil (RNA)
DNA vs RNA
DNA
→ double stranded
→ deoxyribose as sugar base
→ stays in nucleus
→ inheritance of genetic material
→ thymine
RNA
→ single stranded
→ ribose as sugar base
→ can leave nucleus
→ protein synethsis
→ uracil
difference in hydrogen bonds holding the nucleic acids tgt
A has double hydrogen bonds to T
G has triple hydrogen bonds to C
what is nucleotide (monomer)
A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA
what is phosphodiester bond
this bond links 5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide with the 3’ hydroxyl group of another nucleotide
what is glycosyl bond
bond between sugar and nitrogenous base in nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)
ATP process
a-p-p-p (ATP) releases energy meaning it is CATABOLIC
app (ADP) puts in energy meaning it is ANABOLIC
distance between each nucleotide in DNA and distance between each full turn
between nucleotide: 0.34nm
1 complete turn: 3.4nm
erwin chargaff
→ 1950
→ Chargaff’s rule; discovered A pairs with T and G pairs with C
rosalind franklin
→ 1953
→ used x-ray difffraction to discover helical nature of DNA
watson and crick
→ 1953
→ made the model of DNA
histone
a pos. charged protein that DNA is bound to in a chromosome
nucleosome
a complex of 8 histones enveloped by DNA
