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2S CYTOGEN > U4: CHROMOSOMES BASED ON CENTROMERE POSITION > Flashcards

U4: CHROMOSOMES BASED ON CENTROMERE POSITION Flashcards

1
Q

Centromere is centrally located or in the middle, yielding arms of roughly equal length

A

Metacentric

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2
Q

Pairs of metacentric chromosomes in human

A

5

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3
Q

1st chromosome

A

Metacentric

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4
Q

3rd chromosome

A

Metacentric

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5
Q

16th chromosome

A

Metacentric

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6
Q

19th chromosome

A

Metacentric

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7
Q

20th chromosome

A

Metacentric`

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8
Q

1st, 3rd, 16th, 19th, 20th chromosome

A

Metacentric

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9
Q

Shape of spindle fiber in Metacentric

A

V-shaped

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10
Q

Centromere is off-center, q arm is longer and shorter p arm, has unequal length of chromosome arms

A

Submetacentric

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11
Q

Shape of spindle fiber in Submetacentric

A

J-shaped

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12
Q

2nd chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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13
Q

4th chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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14
Q

7th chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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15
Q

12th chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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16
Q

17th chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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17
Q

18th chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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18
Q

2nd, 4th to 12th, 17th, 18th, X chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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19
Q

Pairs of submetacentric chromosomes in human

A

13

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20
Q

X chromosome

A

Submetacentric

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21
Q

The centromere is very close to one end, yielding a small p arm

A

Acrocentric

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22
Q

This means peak

A

acro

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23
Q

Often associated with satellites encoding rRNA

A

Acrocentric

24
Q

Pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in human

A

5

25
Q

13th chromosome

A

Acrocentric

26
Q

14th chromosome

A

Acrocentric

27
Q

15th chromosome

A

Acrocentric

28
Q

21th chromosome

A

Acrocentric

29
Q

22nd chromosome

A

Acrocentric

30
Q

Y chromosome

A

Acrocentric

31
Q

13th to 15th, 21st, 22nd, Y chromosome

A

Acrocentric

32
Q

Centromere is found at the end of chromosome, no p arm exists

A

Telocentric

33
Q

T/F: Telocentric chromosomes are sometimes normally found in humans.

A

False

cancer cells, mice and rodents

34
Q

Plants that contain telocentric chromosomes

A

Oxalis - Shamrock

35
Q

This scientists determined the ratio of p and q arms for each chromosome type.

A

Levan et al

36
Q

M/m

A

Metacentric

37
Q

1.0-1.6/1.7

A

Metacentric

38
Q

Sm

A

Submetacentric

39
Q

3.0

A

Submetacentric

40
Q

St

A

Subtelocentric

41
Q

3.1-6.9

A

Subtelocentric

42
Q

T

A

Acrocentric

43
Q

7.0

A

Acrocentric

44
Q

T, Not applicable

A

Telocentric

45
Q

Formula for Arm Ratio

A

Q arm divided by P arm

46
Q

T/F: Telomeres and centromeres are only present in eukaryotic cells.

A

True

47
Q

This is the tip of each chromosome with tandem repeats of a hexameric sequence.

A

Telomere

48
Q

Hexameric sequence, does not code for any information

A

TTAGGG

49
Q

Term for the hexameric sequence

A

Overhang

50
Q

Nucleotides in telomere

A

50-400 nucleotides

51
Q

Where are telomeres often compared to?

A

aglets of shoelaces

52
Q

Functions of Telomere

A
  1. Preventing abnormal end-to-end fusion of chromosomes
  2. Protecting the ends of chromosomes from degradation
  3. Ensuring complete DNA replication
  4. Having a role in chromosome pairing during meiosis
53
Q

Function of telomere in early meiosis

A

anchoring chromosomes to inner membrane, homologous chromosome pairing

54
Q

T/F: Longer telomeres, longer life span.

A

True

55
Q

Found in the end of telomere, lengthens it and has a role in inactivation.

A

Telomerase

56
Q

This refers to the limited cellular division.

A

Hayflick limit / Hayflick model

2S CYTOGEN (16 decks)

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