Q2 Flashcards
Which of the following is a cause of aneuploidy?
a.) Structural aberrations of chromosomes in mitosis during embryonic development
b.) Structural alterations in chromosome sequences after meiosis
c.) Nondisjunction during meiosis 2
d.) Nondisjunction during telophase of mitosis
c.) Nondisjunction during meiosis 2
Which of these notations is an example of a notation to indicate the presence of aneuploidy?
a.) 2n = 46
b.) 2n + 1 = 47
c.) 3n = 69
d.) None of the above
b.) 2n + 1 = 47
Which of the following is the concept related to chromosomal duplication that results in a disease (usually due to a gain of function)?
a.) increased expressiom of recessive alleles
b.) unbalanced gene dosage
c.). presence of amorphic genes
d.) none of the above
b.) unbalanced gene dosage
Which of the following is a net positive result of chromosomal duplication as discussed?
a.) is seen in the presence of human chromosome 4 and chimpanzee chromosome 4 where the position of the centromere is moved without length alteration
b.) is seen in human chromosome 2, which seems to mirror the content of 2 seperate chromosomes in other primates (46 vs 48)
c.) the evolution of fetal hemoglobin as one extra copy of the hemoglobin gene gains new function, while the other allele copy remains normal
d.) in the loss of some segments that are known to cause disease during crossing-over
c.) the evolution of fetal hemoglobin as one extra copy of the hemoglobin gene gains new function, while the other allele copy remains normal
Which of the following is evolutionarily as a result of inversion?
a.) is seen in the presence of human chromosome 4 and chimpanzee chromosome 4 where the position of the centromere is moved without length alteration
b.) is seen in human chromosome 2, which seems to mirror the content of 2 seperate chromosomes in other primates (46 vs 48)
c.) the evolution of fetal hemoglobin as one extra copy of the hemoglobin gene gains new function, while the other allele copy remains normal
d.) in the loss of some segments that are known to cause disease during crossing-over
a.) is seen in the presence of human chromosome 4 and chimpanzee chromosome 4 where the position of the centromere is moved without length alteration
Which of the following is evolutionarily a result of translocation?
a.) is seen in the presence of human chromosome 4 and chimpanzee chromosome 4 where the position of the centromere is moved without length alteration
b.) is seen in human chromosome 2, which seems to mirror the content of 2 seperate chromosomes in other primates (46 vs 48)
c.) the evolution of fetal hemoglobin as one extra copy of the hemoglobin gene gains new function, while the other allele copy remains normal
d.) in the loss of some segments that are known to cause disease during crossing-over
b.) is seen in human chromosome 2, which seems to mirror the content of 2 seperate chromosomes in other primates (46 vs 48)
Which kind of translocation is also seen in Down syndrome cases?
a.) balanced
b.) reciprocal
c.) unbalanced
d.) Robertsonian
d.) Robertsonian
CMT represents a heterogenous group of hereditary motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies (HMSN). Demyelinating and axonal forms have been described. Which of the following is the ISCN designation for CMTās most common form (by genetic heterogeneity)?
a.) 15q-
b.) t14:21
c.) dup (17p12)
d.) Chromosome 12 invq2.1.1
c.) dup (17p12)
Which of the following is a symptom of 5p-?
a.) Compulsive eating
b.) Abnormal laryngeal structure
c.) Cancer of the eye
d.) Nephromas
b.) Abnormal laryngeal structure
In this chromosomal aberration, DNA must break in two places on either side of the aberrant segment and flip itself but remain in place.
a.) Balanced translocation
d.) Robertsonian translocation
c.) Inversion
d.) Deletion
c.) Inversion
In inversion, a problem arises because many genes are turned on or off depending on where they are found on the chromosome. What do you call this phenomenon?
a.) Dosage
b.) Position effect
c.) Robertsonian translocation
d.) Gene fusion
b.) Position effect
Which of the following induces double strand breaks in chromosomes?
a.) cosmic rays
b.) oncoviruses
c.) transposons
d.) all of the choices
d.) all of the choices
Which of the following diseases involves abnormal proliferation of immunoglobulin producing cells and is due to a balanced translocation?
a.) Chronic myelogenous leukemia
b.) Sickle cell anemia
c.) Burkittās lymphoma
d.) Certain forms of Down Syndrome and their correlated leukemia
c.) Burkittās lymphoma
Balanced translocation - reciprocal, exchange of genetic materials between two nonhomologous chromosomes
Which of these is incompatible with life?
a.) Monosomy X
b.) Disomy X
c.) Disomy Y
d.) Nullisomy X
d.) Nullisomy X
Which of the following conditions will manifest a decrease in the chromosome number?
a.) Nullisomy
b.) Monosomy
c.) Either are correct
d.) Neither are correct
c.) Either are correct