U4 AOS2 - Training Principles & Chronic Adaptations Flashcards
cardiac output
the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per minute.
stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction
capillary
smallest type of blood vessel in the body that are involved in the exchange of fluids and gases between tissues and the blood.
venous return
The volume of blood returning to the heart per unit time.
Impulse or action potential
the message.
Neuron
the nerve cell that transmits the message.
firing rate
The frequency that impulses are sent to the motor unit.
Arteriovenous O2 difference (aVO2 difference)
the difference in oxygen content between the arterial and venous blood. Represents the amount of O2 extracted by the muscle.
LIP (lactate inflection point)
the highest exercise intensity point where lactate removal and lactate production are balanced. Beyond LIP, lactate production exceeds removal and lactate accumulates.
pulmonary diffusion
The movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries and that of carbon dioxide from the capillaries into the alveoli.
Ventilation (V)
The amount of air (in litres) being breathed in and out per minute.
vo2 max (max o2 uptake)
is the maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be transported to, taken up and used by the body for energy production.
hypertrophy
when a muscle increases in size (gets bigger)
chronic adaptation
A physiological, long-term change that occurs in the body as a result of training, that will lead to improved performance.
tidal volume (TV)
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath. At low intensities tidal volume and respiratory rate increase proportionally, but at higher intensities tidal volume plateaus.
