Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pe exam revision > U3 AOS1 - Biomechanics & Skill Acq > Flashcards

U3 AOS1 - Biomechanics & Skill Acq Flashcards

1
Q

What are kinetics?

A

The study of forces that cause motion and forces resulting from motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are kinematics?

A

The description of motion. It is the study of movement with reference to time, distance, displacement and velocity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

quantitative data

A

Involves numbers and data that can be expressed numerically. This data is countable, measurable and objective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

qualitative data

A

Data that can not be expressed in numbers and is described using words. This data is interpretation-based, descriptive, and subjective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Linear motion

A

Motion that occurs in a straight line (or curved path)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

angular motion

A

motion around an axis (internal or external).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

General motion

A

Movement that involves both linear motion and angular motion. Most human movement is GENERAL because we use joints to create force for motion.
Eg. In running the torso moves in a straight line and the arms and legs rotate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Newton’s first law - linear states that…

A

A body will remain at rest or in constant motion unless acted upon by an external force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Newton’s second law - linear

A

A force applied to an object will produce acceleration in the direction applied, that is directly proportional to the size of the force and inversely proportional to its mass.
FORMULA
force=mass x acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Newton’s third law - linear

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Force (+ FORMULA)

A

A (net) force is a push or a pull which alters the object’s state of motion and causes the object to deform.

FORMULA
force = mass x acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inertia - linear

A

The tendency for a body to resist change in its current state of motion (whether at rest or moving with a constand speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gravity

A

A constant force that pulls objects down towards earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conservation of momentum - linear

A

The total momentum of the system before collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Impulse (+ FORMULA)

A

the change in momentum of a body.

FORMULA
impulse = force x time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Moment of inertia (+ FORMULA)

A

A measure of an object’s reluctance to rotate.

FORMULA
MOI = mass x radius^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Angular velocity

A

a measure of how quickly the object has moved from its starting point and in what direction it has moved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Angular momentum (+ FORMULA)

A

The amount of rotation of a body around an axis.

FORMULA
Angular momentum = MOI (mass x radius^2) x angular velocity (speed of rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Linear distance

A

How much ground an object covers throughout its motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of matter an object is made up of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

momentum (+ FORMULA)

A

the amount of motion of an object.

FORMULA
momentum = mass x velocity
(momentum is in kg/m/sec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

speed (+ FORMULA)

A

The rate (how fast) an object is covering distance.

FORMULA
speed = distance/time
or s=d/t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

velocity (+ FORMULA)

A

How fast the object covers distance and what direction it has moved (eg. +ve, north)

FORMULA
velocity = displacement/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

acceleration (+ FORMULA)

A

The rate the object is changing velocity in a given period of time.

FORMULA
acceleration = change in velocity/change in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

torque (+ FORMULA)

A

A rotational force (rotation).

FORMULA
torque = force x moment arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

angular acceleration (+ FORMULA)

A

a measure of the rate of change of angular position.
FORMULA
change in angular velocity/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

mechanical advantage (+ FORMULA)

A

A measure of how much a lever amplifies force.

FORMULA
mechanical advantage = force arm/resistance arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lever

A

a rigid bar that allows the application of increased force and/or speed.

All levers have these common parts:
-an axis (point of rotation)
-a resistance (load to be overcome)
-a force (effort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

First class lever

A

The axis is the central component that separates the force and resistance.
FAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Second class lever

A

The resistance is the central component that separates the axis and the force.
ARF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Third class lever

A

The force is the central component that separates the axis and resistance.
AFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lever length

A

The length of the lever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state in which all opposing forces are balanced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Balance

A

The ability to maintain and control equilibrium while stationary (static) or while moving (dynamic).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Stability

A

The resistance to the disruption of equilibrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Centre of gravity

A

An imaginary point in a body of matter where the total mass of the body may be thought to be concentrated.
AKA centre of mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Line of gravity

A

An imaginary vertical line passing from the centre of gravity of an object down to the ground.

38
Q

displacement

A

The difference between the initial position and the final position of an object with reference to direction.

38
Q

Base of support

A

The area beneath an object that includes every point of contact that the object makes with the supporting surface.

39
Q

Why learn biomechanics? (3 reasons)

A

-Describe and explain movement
-Determine optimal techniques to improve performance
-Helps to avoid injury

40
Q

projectile

A

Any object/body that is released into the air. It is only under the influence of gravity and air resistance.

41
Q

Resistance (in a projectile motion context)

A

A factor/force that works against the projectile and creates drag.

42
Q

factors affecting projectile motion
(the ones that we can’t control)

A

-gravity
-water resistance
-air resistance

43
Q

how can projectile motion be manipulated (the ones that we can control)

A

-height of release
-speed of release
-angle of release

44
Q

Variability

A

refers to the amount of change and uncertainty in an environment or in the performance of a skill.

45
Q

LAW OF? Diminishing returns

A

states that performers in the early stage of learning will improve rapidly in response to practice. As the performer becomes more competent & progresses to later stages of learning their rate of improvement decreases in response to the practice.

46
Q

Practice distribution

A

The ratio between time spent actively practising and time spent resting during a practice session.

47
Q

Massed practice

A

is a form of practice where there is longer but less frequent training sessions.

48
Q

Distributed practice

A

is a form of practice with shorter but more frequent training sessions.

49
Q

Blocked practice

A

practising the same skill continuously without variation. eg. 50 free throws in a row.

50
Q

random practice

A

involves rehearsing a variety of different motor skills in an unpredictable sequence.

51
Q

Serial practice

A

Is a form of practice that involves rehearsing different skills but in a fixed and relatively predictable sequence.

52
Q

Early specialisation

A

is the participation in a single sport from a very young age.

53
Q

Practice strategies can be adapted to include (3 things)

A

-amount of practice
-distribution (massed or distributed practice)
-variability (blocked or random practice)

54
Q

Intrinsic feedback

A

feedback provided by an individual’s senses to themselves and allows athletes to make their own adjustments to performance.

55
Q

Augmented feedback

A

Is feedback provided by an external source like a coach during (concurrent) and after (terminal) the performance. Gives a reference point for an athlete’s intrinsic feedback.

56
Q

Part practice

A

breaking down the skill into parts & practicing them individually.

56
Q

summation of momentum/force summation

A

is using correct timing and sequencing of body parts to produce maximal force.

57
Q

static equilibrium

A

when an object is stationary

58
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

when an object is moving with constant velocity

59
Q

motor skill

A

the ability to voluntarily move the body to perform a task.

59
Q

skill

A

the ability to perform a task well.

59
Q

fundamental movement skills (FMS)

A

the types of body movements (skills) that form the foundation for sport specific skills.

59
Q

Sport specific skills

A

are advanced fundamental movement skills that are developed to achieve sport specific objectives.

60
Q

gross motor skills

A

recruitment of larger muscle groups for power with less emphasis upon precision
eg. jumping, running, swimming

61
Q

fine motor skills

A

recruitment of smaller muscles to precisely manipulate the body to perform a task, without the need for power.
eg. throwing a dart

62
Q

discrete motor skills

A

have a definite beginning and end.
eg. kicking a football, basketball free-throw

63
Q

serial motor skills

A

several discrete motor skills performed in a sequence or routine.
eg. gymnastics routine

64
Q

continuous motor skills

A

no clear beginning or end and can be performed indefinitely.
eg. running, swimming, cycling.

65
Q

error correction

A

strategies implemented to develop the identified weaknesses.

66
Q

constraints

A

factors that influence learning and performance.

67
Q

3 types of constraints on motor skill development

A

-individual constraints
-task constraints
-environmental constraints

68
Q

knowledge of performance

A

feedback relating to how a skill is performed.

68
Q

knowledge of results

A

feedback about the outcome of the task, usually success or failure. Better for less developed athletes.

68
Q

what is biomechanics

A

the study of living things from a mechanical perspective.

68
Q

Newton’s First law of angular motion

A

Angular momentum of a rotating body is constant unless acted upon by an external torque (rotation).

69
Q

Newton’s Second law of angular motion

A

A torque applied to an object will cause a change in angular motion in the direction of the torque applied, that is directly proportional to the size of the torque applied and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia.

70
Q

Newton’s third law of angular motion

A

For every torque there is an equal and
opposite torque.

71
Q

eccentric force

A

a force that does not act through the object’s centre of gravity. It causes the object to deviate from its original path.

72
Q

constraints based approach

A

uses situational learning, thru manipulation of constraints, ensuring lots of variability in practice when learning.

73
Q

individual constraints

A

PERSONAL TO THE INDIVIDUAL
-body size (height, weight)
-fitness levels
-skill levels
-age, gender

74
Q

environmental constraints

A

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
-playing surface
-noise level
-weather

75
Q

the 4 p’s of sociocultural environment

A

-Peers
-Positive role models
-Parents
-Price (socioeconomic status can affect access to coaching, facilities, and equipment)

76
Q

task constraints

A

-rules
-equipment
-field/court/pitch dimensions
-number of players

77
Q

direct approach ADVANTAGES

A

-faster skill development
-minimal decisions made by learner allows focus on skill

78
Q

direct approach DISADVANTAGES

A

-can be boring, repetitive, demotivating
-decision-making skills and tactical awareness aren’t developed (because the coach makes all the decisions)

79
Q

constraints-based approach ADVANTAGES

A

-more enjoyable
-practice replicates the game
-develops tactics and strategies

80
Q

constraints-based approach DISADVANTAGES

A

-initial skill development takes longer than direct instruction
-individual feedback is more difficult for a coach to provide

81
Q

Validity

A

tests capacity to measure whats its intended to

82
Q

Reliability

A

refers to the ability of a test to reproduce similar results when conducted in identical/similar conditions. To maximise the reliability of an assessment you need to use the same or similar:
-Procedure
-Conditions
-Equipment
-Environment
-Tester

83
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

The level of consistency across the different observers

84
Q

Intra-rater reliability

A

refers to the consistency of ratings given by one assessor

pe exam revision (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions