U4 AOS 1 Definitions

Question 1

developed country

Answer 1

considered to have high level of economic development

Question 2

developing country

Answer 2

low level economic development and rely largely on primary production and subsistence farming

Question 3

Gross domestic product

Answer 3

measure that reflects the economic state of a country - the value of all foods and services produced in a country in a 12 month period.

Question 4

Environmental characteristics high income

Answer 4

• Food security
• Access to safe water and sanitation
• adequate housing
• adequate infrastructure
• high levels of carbon dioxide emissions

Question 5

Social characteristics high income

Answer 5

• High levels gender equality
• low birth rates and population growth
• high levels of employment
• high levels education
• developed social security systems
• developed health systems
• access to technology
• developed legal systems

Question 6

Economic characteristics high income

Answer 6

• lower levels of poverty
• a wide range of industries
• opportunities for global trade
• high average incomes.

Question 7

Human development

Answer 7

creating an environemnt in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive an creative lies in accord with their needs and interest

Question 8

Human development characteristics

Answer 8

It is about:
- expanding people’s choices
- enhancing capabilities
- having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living
- participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives

Question 9

Human development index

Answer 9

tool developed by United Nations to measure and rank countries level of social and economic development. Provides a single statistic based on 3 dimensions: A long and helahty life, knowledge, decent standard of living, and 4 indicators: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross national income per capita.

Question 10

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 10

the number of years of life remaining to a person at birth if death rates do not change

Question 11

mean years of schooling

Answer 11

average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over

Question 12

expected years of schooling

Answer 12

number of years of education expected for a child of school entrance age

Question 13

Gross national income per capita

Answer 13

overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries have been paid, divided by the population of the country

Question 14

safe water

Answer 14

water that is not contaminated with disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses or chemical such as lead and mercury

Question 15

sanitation

Answer 15

provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, but can also refer to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and waste water disposal

Question 16

poverty (deprivation)

Answer 16

stemming from the lack of income but presents as a lack of material resources such as food, shelter, clean water and healthcare and deprivation of intangible resources such as social inclusion and opportunities for education and decision making

Question 17

absolute or extreme poverty

Answer 17

thosel iving on less than $1.90 USD per day

Question 18

relative poverty

Answer 18

those living on less than 50% of their country’s average income

Question 19

discrimination

Answer 19

unjust treatment and the violation of rights of an individual due to factors such as their age, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status.

Question 20

human rights

Answer 20

relates tot he freedoms and conditions to which every person is entitled

Question 21

inequality in healthcare

Answer 21

often occurs as a result of inability to access resources such as education, employment and healthcare

Question 22

racial discrimination

Answer 22

a person is treated less favourably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status

Question 23

sex

Answer 23

physiological characteristics, including DNA and sex organs

Question 24

intersex

Answer 24

combination of both male and female characteristics

Question 25

Forced marriage

Answer 25

one or both parties are married against their will, considered a violation of human rights

Question 26

Female genital mutation

Answer 26

procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to female genital organs for nonmedical reasons

Question 27

gender identity

Answer 27

how individuals percieve themselves as male, female, a blend of both or neither

Question 28

sexual orientation

Answer 28

describes the sex that an individual is sexually and romantically attracted to

Question 29

globalisation

Answer 29

process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale in terms of trade, communication and transport

Question 30

marketing

Answer 30

activities of a company associated with selling a product or service, including advertising, selling and delivering products to people

Question 31

processed food

Answer 31

food items that have been deliberately changed before being made available to eat

Question 32

Chp 8 factors

Answer 32

• Access to safe water and sanitation
• Poverty
• Inequality and discrimination (race, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation)
• Global marketing and distribution

Question 33

sustainability

Answer 33

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 34

economic sustinability

Answer 34

ensures that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation

Question 35

Economic sustainability factors

Answer 35

• Innovation and diversity of industries
• Trade
• Economic growth
• Job Creation

Question 36

Social sustainability

Answer 36

creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely

Question 37

social sustainability factors

Answer 37

• Peace and harmony
• elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems
• gender equality
• access to safe and decent working conditions
• promotion of political and legal rights

Question 38

Environmental sustainability

Answer 38

ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources in future

Question 39

biodiversity

Answer 39

variety of diffrent plants, animals and microorganism genes and the ecosystem of which they are apart

Question 40

environmental sustianability factors

Answer 40

• biodiversity
• climate change
• waste removal and pollution
• use of natural resources

Question 41

renewable

Answer 41

resources that are replensihed naturally and over a relatively short period

Question 42

non renewable

Answer 42

resources that are not replenished in a short period, so once they are used, they are not available for future generations (coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear substances)

Question 43

climate change

Answer 43

relates to increase in average temp experienced on Earth in the past 50 years

Question 44

greenhouse gases

Answer 44

gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing heat

Question 45

climate chage factors

Answer 45

• rising sea levels
• extreme weather events

Question 46

mass migration

Answer 46

movement of large groups of people from one geographical area to another

Question 47

world trade

Answer 47

exchange of goods and services between countries

Question 48

tourism

Answer 48

many service providers and organisations that are involved in the provision of services to tourists