U4 AOS 1 Definitions Flashcards
VCE Unit 4 AOS 1 HHD Chp 8-10 content from Jacaranda HHD Textbook
developed country
considered to have high level of economic development
developing country
low level economic development and rely largely on primary production and subsistence farming
Gross domestic product
measure that reflects the economic state of a country - the value of all foods and services produced in a country in a 12 month period.
Environmental characteristics high income
- Food security
- Access to safe water and sanitation
- adequate housing
- adequate infrastructure
- high levels of carbon dioxide emissions
Social characteristics high income
- High levels gender equality
- low birth rates and population growth
- high levels of employment
- high levels education
- developed social security systems
- developed health systems
- access to technology
- developed legal systems
Economic characteristics high income
- lower levels of poverty
- a wide range of industries
- opportunities for global trade
- high average incomes.
Human development
creating an environemnt in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive an creative lies in accord with their needs and interest
Human development characteristics
It is about:
- expanding people’s choices
- enhancing capabilities
- having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living
- participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives
Human development index
tool developed by United Nations to measure and rank countries level of social and economic development. Provides a single statistic based on 3 dimensions: A long and helahty life, knowledge, decent standard of living, and 4 indicators: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross national income per capita.
Life expectancy at birth
the number of years of life remaining to a person at birth if death rates do not change
mean years of schooling
average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over
expected years of schooling
number of years of education expected for a child of school entrance age
Gross national income per capita
overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries have been paid, divided by the population of the country
safe water
water that is not contaminated with disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses or chemical such as lead and mercury
sanitation
provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, but can also refer to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and waste water disposal
poverty (deprivation)
stemming from the lack of income but presents as a lack of material resources such as food, shelter, clean water and healthcare and deprivation of intangible resources such as social inclusion and opportunities for education and decision making
absolute or extreme poverty
thosel iving on less than $1.90 USD per day
relative poverty
those living on less than 50% of their country’s average income
discrimination
unjust treatment and the violation of rights of an individual due to factors such as their age, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status.
human rights
relates tot he freedoms and conditions to which every person is entitled
inequality in healthcare
often occurs as a result of inability to access resources such as education, employment and healthcare
racial discrimination
a person is treated less favourably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status
sex
physiological characteristics, including DNA and sex organs
intersex
combination of both male and female characteristics
Forced marriage
one or both parties are married against their will, considered a violation of human rights
Female genital mutation
procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to female genital organs for nonmedical reasons
gender identity
how individuals percieve themselves as male, female, a blend of both or neither
sexual orientation
describes the sex that an individual is sexually and romantically attracted to
globalisation
process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale in terms of trade, communication and transport
marketing
activities of a company associated with selling a product or service, including advertising, selling and delivering products to people
processed food
food items that have been deliberately changed before being made available to eat
Chp 8 factors
- Access to safe water and sanitation
- Poverty
- Inequality and discrimination (race, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation)
- Global marketing and distribution
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
economic sustinability
ensures that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation
Economic sustainability factors
- Innovation and diversity of industries
- Trade
- Economic growth
- Job Creation
Social sustainability
creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely
social sustainability factors
- Peace and harmony
- elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems
- gender equality
- access to safe and decent working conditions
- promotion of political and legal rights
Environmental sustainability
ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources in future
biodiversity
variety of diffrent plants, animals and microorganism genes and the ecosystem of which they are apart
environmental sustianability factors
- biodiversity
- climate change
- waste removal and pollution
- use of natural resources
renewable
resources that are replensihed naturally and over a relatively short period
non renewable
resources that are not replenished in a short period, so once they are used, they are not available for future generations (coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear substances)
climate change
relates to increase in average temp experienced on Earth in the past 50 years
greenhouse gases
gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing heat
climate chage factors
- rising sea levels
- extreme weather events
mass migration
movement of large groups of people from one geographical area to another
world trade
exchange of goods and services between countries
tourism
many service providers and organisations that are involved in the provision of services to tourists
