U3 AOS 1 Definitions Flashcards
VCE Unit 3 AOS 1 HHD Chp 1-4 content from Jacaranda HHD Textbook
Health (WHO old definition)
a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health and wellbeing (WHO updated)
relating to the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged
Disease
physical and mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage
illness
state of feeling unwell, usually due to a specific condition that stops the body from functioning normally
dynamic health
health of an individual is not static, it is always changing in response to personal experience
subjective health
based on personal judgement, opinions, values and past experiences
physical hwb
relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, including the physical capacity to perform daily tasks and activities
social hwb
relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations
emotional hwb
the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience
mental hwb
a current state of wellbeing relating to the mind or the brain and the ability to think and process information
spiritual hwb
not material in nature, but relates to the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience o f human beings as well as concepts such as hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning as well as value and reflection on your place in the world
Optimal health individuals
- more likely to have higher life expectancy and self confidence
- feel fulfilled and have confidence and hope for the future
- less likely to live with chronic pain disease or discomfort
- more likely to be independent well into old age
- more likely make positive contribution to community throughout their lives
Optimal health countries
- lower direct, indirect and intangible health expenditure costs
- less likely to have absenteeism from work and school
- better economy and gross national income
- less likey to have an overburdened public healthcare system
- higher average incomes
Optimal health global
- increased life expectancy
- lower rates chronic disease in elderly
- lower rates infectious disease and health threats
- increase global economic productivity
- increased trade
- increased social development through lower rates of maternal, infant and under 5 mortality
Prerequisites for health
Peace
Shelter
Education
Food
Income
Stable ecosystem
Sustainable resources
Social justice
Equity
Peace
Absence of conflict and violence
Shelter
a structure that provides protection from the outside environment
Education
empowers individuals and increases their ability to earn an income, understand health promotion messages, exhibit healthy behaviours and find meaning and purpose in
having quality, fair access to primary, secondary and vocational schooling, access to skills and knowledge for all
Health literacy
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health info and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
Food
adequate food intake is an essential requirement for life and a basic human right
Access to a variety of nutritious food on a regular basis
food security
state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through non emergency resources
income
increases individual’s ability to afford resources such as healthcare, recreation, transport and education.
It also increases government capacity to provide social services and resources such as public housing, education, healthcare, social security, infrastructure, recreation facilities and law and order
stable ecosystem
occurs when balance is achieved between the environment and the species that live in an environment
ecosystem
community consisting of all living and nonliving components of an area
sustainable resources
relate to ensuring that the resources used to promote health and wellbeing in the present are available for future generations, so they too can experience good quality of life
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
social justice
equal rights for all regardless of personal traits such as sex, class, income, ethnicity, religion, age and sexual orientation
No corrupt government, legal or social systems
equity
disadvantaged groups are targeted to improve their quality of life and achieve minimum standards of living
health status
an individual’s or population’s overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
health indicators
standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health satus
trends
a general change or movement in a particular direction
self assessed health status
measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general
life expectancy
the number of years of life on average remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change
health adjusted life expectancy
the average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full heallth
mortality
number of deaths in a population in a given period
mortality rate
measure of the proportion of a population who die in one year period per 100 000
infant mortality rate
rate of deaths of infants before their first birthday, expressed per 1000 live births
under 5 mortality rate
number of deaths of children under 5 per 1000 live births
maternal mortality ratio
the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy, childbirth or associated treatment within 6 weeks of delivery per 100 000 women who give birth
morbidity
ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population
incidence
the number or rate of new cases of a disease or condition in a population
prevalance
the total number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population during a given period of time
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. It is measured using the unit DALY
Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
1 DALY is equal to 1 year of healthy life lost due too illness and or death. YLD + YLL
Years of life lost (YLL)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
Years lost due to disability (YLD)
the measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability
body mass index
statistical measure of body mass calculatd by dividing weight (kg) by height (m2)
Obesity
BMI over 30
Overweight
BMI between 25 and 30
Underweight
BMI under 18.5
free radicals
molecules formed when oxygen is metabolised that damage healthy body cells
atherosclerosis
hardening of arteries
impaired glucose regulation
blood glucose that are above normal range bu not high enough for type 2 diabetes diagnosis, such as insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
diabetes
metabolic disease in which high blood glucose levels result from defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both
low birthweight
below 2500g
sociocultural factors
relate to the social and cultural conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
SES
social standing of an individual in comparison to others in society based on education, income and occupation
social connections
bonds between individuals and their relations, friends and acquaintances and the ability to participate in the society they live
social exclusion
the segregation that people experience if they are not adequately participating in the society
social isolation
refers to an individual who is not in regular contact with others
cultural norms
relate to the customs, ideas, values and traditions of a particular society passed through generations
gender stereotypes
behaviours that are culturally acceptable for males and females
biological factors
factors relating to the body that impact on health and wellbeing, such as genetics, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and birth weight
environmental factors
the physical surroundings in which we live, work and play including workplaces, housing, roads, and geographical access to resources such as healthcare
optimal health and wellbeing
refers to the highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain in 5 dimensions of health, physical, social, emotional, mental, spiritual
syndrome X
a collection of simultaneously occurring conditions caused by the combination of several unhealthy factors including abdominal fat, low levels of good cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides, high blood pressure and high blood sugar with high insulin levels.
syndrome x diseases
- Heart disease - heart failure/attacks
- strokes
- high blood pressure
- type 2 diabetes
- renal failure leading to dialysis or transplantation
ALL LEADING TO INCREASE IN 6 TIMES THE AVERAGE RATE OF PREMATURE DEATH
