U3 AOS 2 Definitions Flashcards
VCE Unit 3 AOS 2 HHD Chp 5-7 content from Jacaranda HHD Textbook
Infectious disease
diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi that can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another
venereal disease
disease contracted by sexual intercourse with a person already infected with an STI
parasitic disease
occur when parasites enter the body through contaminated food or water or from contact with others with parasites on skin and hair
lifestyle diseases
occurs due to the daily habits of people in relation to diet, occupation, exercise, etc
public health
the ways in which governments monitor, regulate, promote health status and prevent disease
old public health
government focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of diseases such as providing safe water, sanitation, sewage disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing and better work conditions
biomedical model
It is a medical model focusing on the physical and biological aspects of disease and illness, practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease
new public health
an approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individual behaviour change to one that considers the way s in which physical, sociocultural and political environments impact on health
social model of health
an approach that focuses on and directs effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individual and population groups
health promotion
enabling people to take control over and improve their health
advocate
actions designed to gain support from governments and societies that are necessary to improve hwb for everyone
enable
ensuring equal opportunities and resources are available toa ll people to provide them with the knowledge and skills required to take over and improve their health
mediate
working iwth and resolving conflict between different societal groups that have different priorities to improve health outcomes
build healthy public policy
relates to the decisions made by the government and organisations regarding laws and policies that affect health and wellbeing. It helps make the healthier choice the easier choice
Create supportive environments
developing physical and social environments to support health and protect against physical hazards or psychologically damaging practices
strengthen community action
building links between individuals and the community, with communities working together to achieve a common goal, promoting health and wellbeing
Develop personal skills
developing knowledge and skill through education allowing people to make informed choices about their own health, impacting health
Reorient health services
changing the health system so that it promotes health and wellbeing rather than being focused on diagnosis and treatment. A preventative approach
Medicare
Australia’s federal government-funded universal health insurance scheme that enables access to select health services at a subsidised rate to all Australian Citizens and permanent residents
Schedule fee
the amount that Medicare contributes towards specific consultations and treatments
patient co-payment
the out-of-pocket payment made by the consumer for health products or services in addition to the amount paid by the government through medicare
bulkbilling
a practiitioner charges only the schedule fee
Medicare benefits schedule
a document that lists the range of services covered and the schedule fee that Medicare will contribute
inhospital expenses Medicare
- public patient + public hospital = accomodation, treatmnet bu doctors + specialisits is 100% covered
- private patient + private or public hospital = medicare covers 75% SF for treatment by doctors + specialists but not contribution to accomodation, theatre fees or medication
Medicare safety net
provides extra financial assistance for those that incur significant out of pocket costs past a specific threshold per calendar year for Medicare Services
Medicare levy
2% taxable income of Australian taxpayers is charged to fund Medicare
Medicare levy surcharge
high income earners who do not have private health insurance are income tested and charged an extra 1-1.5% tax ontop of the Medicare Levy
PBS
federal government scheme that subsidises the cost of select essential medicines into a general rate and a concessional rate to enable access to medication, regardless of individuals ability to pay.
PBS safety net
individuals and families who reach a certain threshold of payments of medications per calendar year are able to purchase PBS listed medications at the concessional co-payment rate. Those who already pay at the concessional rate do not have to pay for PBS listed medications
National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
national insurance scheme established in 2013 by the federal government that provides services and support for people with permanent, significant disabilities and their families for as long as they are under the age of 65
private health insurance
optional health insurance where members pay a premium in return for payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare
Rebate PI incentive
policyholders receive 0-26% refund on their premiums based on income testing
Lifetime health cover PI incentive
people who take up private health insurance before the age of 31 do not have to pay an extra 2% on premiums for every year they are over 30
Medicare Levy surcharge PI incentive
high income earners who have private health insurance do not have to pay the medicare levy surcharge
age based discount PI incentive
insurers have the option to discount premiums for people aged 18-29 up to 10% for hospital cover
ADG 1
To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks to meet their energy needs
ADG 2
Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five food groups every day:
1. Plenty of vegetables including different types, colours and legumes/beans
2. Fruit
3. Grain (cereal foods) - examples
4. Lean meats and poultry, fish,e ggs, tofu, nuts and seeds, legumes/beans
5. milk yoghurt, cheese and/or their alternatives
and drink plenty of water
ADG 3
Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol
ADG 4
Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
ADG 5
care for your food, prepare and store it safely
Australian guide to healthy eating overall recommendation
Enjoy a variety of nutritious food everyday and drink plenty of water
Work of Nutrition Australia
- Healthy eating pyramid
- National nutrition week
- Develop educational resources
- Nutrition seminars and workshops
- Webinars for health professionals
- Publication of recipes
- Healthy eating advisory service
Healthy eating pyramid overall recommendation
enjoy a variety of food and be active every day
Challenges in dietary change
- food security
- time constraints and convenience
- education, nutrition, knowledge and cooking skills
- Influence of family, culture, society and religion
- food marketing
- health and wellbeing factors
- personal preference
- attitudes and beliefs
- willpower
Evaluating health promotion initiatives
- Actual improvements to health and wellbeing
- number of participants taking part in the initiative
- feedback provided by participants
- action areas of the Ottawa Charter that are evident
- Whether the initiative is culturally appropriate
- Whether the program has taken the specific needs of the target group into account
- Funding that has been provided to implement the initiative
- whether the program addresses a significant health issue for that population group
Principles of the social model of health
Acts to enable access to healthcare
Empowers individuals and communities
Addresses the broader determinants of health
Involves intersectoral collaboration
Acts to reduce social inequities
Effective Indigenous health initiatives
- actual improvements to hwb
- number of participants taking part in the initiative
- feedback provided by participants
- action areas of the ottawa charter that are evident
- whether the initiative is culturally appropriate
- whether the program has taken the specific needs of the target group into account
- funding that has been provided to implement the initiative
- whether the program addresses a significant health issue for indigenous Australians
indigenous health initiatives - Feedin the Mob
- nutrition, physical activity and healthy lifestyle program
- City of Whittlesea, Victoria
- funded by the federal government and supported by Whittlesea Council through its Healthy Communities Initiative - commitment to funding = BUILD HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY
- encourages community to be involved in activities such as the community garden that draw on local culture = STRENGTHENS COMMUNITY ACTION
- the initiative draws on local culture to make sure it is culturally appropriate and safe = CREATE SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS
- teaches the benefits of healthy eating and lifestyle targetted to teenagers, parents, carers, people with chronic illness + Elders.
- has community garden, cooking classes and information sharing about primary healthcare and the prevention of chronic disease
= DEVELOP PERSONAL SKILLS
