U4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does physical and chemical digestion do to the food?

A

reduces food size and solubility to be better absorbed

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2
Q

Define absorption

A

the entrance of “food” molecules across the gut lining

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3
Q

What substances can be absorbed?

A

amino acids, sugars and carbs, glycerol & fatty acids, some minerals and water

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4
Q

How does chemical and physical digestion differ?

A

chemical digestion uses enzymes, physical uses mechanical manipulation in order to increases SA for enzymes to work on

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5
Q

What does salivary amylase do?

A

starch to maltose

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6
Q

pharynx vs larynx?

A

pharynx: back of the throat, common passageway, where food is swallowed larynx: hollow tube in the middle of the throat, can help breathe

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7
Q

What is chyme?

A

mushy liquid created by physical digestion in the stomach for more surface area

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8
Q

Where does the chemical digestion of proteins begin?

A

stomach

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9
Q

Explain the domino of gastric excretions.

A

Gastrin, a hormone hits the blood and stimulates production of pepsinogen (pepsin), pepsin chemically digests protein into peptides

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10
Q

What happens in the duodenum?

A

All 3 food groups are chemically digested here. Enzymes from pancreas and small intestine digest. Bile from the liver and stored in the gall bladder also released and helps emulsify fat

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11
Q

what enzymes does the pancreas produce and what do they break down into which product?

A
  1. pancreatic amylase: starch > maltose 2. trypsin: protein > peptides 3. lipase: fat droplets > glycerol and fatty acids 4. nuclease : nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) > nucleotides
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12
Q

What enzyme does the small intestine produce and what do they break down into which product?

A

1.peptidases: peptides > amino acids 2.maltase: maltose > glucose 3.nucleosidases > base, sugar,phosphate

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13
Q

What hormones does the duodenum produce and what is its purpose?

A
  1. Secretin: acidic chyme, esp HCl, triggers its secretion, stimulates release of pancreatic juices 2. CCK (chlorocytokenin): triggered by acid chyme, stimulates release of bile from gall bladder
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14
Q

What protects duodenum from acid chyme?

A

sodium bicarbonate entering the duodenum

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15
Q

What makes the small intestine specialized for digestion?

A
  1. folded walls for ^ SA 2. walls of the intestine have villi which have microvilli along their lining , + blood vessels and lacteal inside each villi
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16
Q

the formula for mastase from the small intestine?

A

1 mastose + water = 2 glucose

17
Q

the formula for pepsin/trysin from the stomach/pancreas?

A

protein + water = peptides

18
Q

the formula for peptidases from the small intestine?

A

peptides + water = amino acids

19
Q

the formula for bile produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into the duodenum to emulsify fats by chyme triggering CCK

A

fat > fat droplets

20
Q

formula for lipase from the

A

fat droplet + water > glycerol + 3 fatty acids

21
Q

What are the 6 major functions of the liver?

A
  1. destroys old red blood cells into part of bile 2. produces bile 3. stores glucose as glycogen & breaks down glycogen into glucose 4. produces urea from deamination 5. makes blood proteins from amino acids 6. detoxifies the blood
22
Q

exocrine vs endocrine?

A

exo: to organ > enzyme
endo: to bloodstream > hormone