U2 Flashcards
Who invented “cells are the building blocks of all organisms”? and when?
Schlieden and Schwann. 1830.
Who added “cells come form preexisting cells”? to make the second half of cell theory
Virchow
What kingdom are prokaryotes from? What defines them?
Monera. No nucleus, no internal membrane.
What 3 things define a eukaryotic cell?
- Nucleus 2. Internal membrane and many organelles 3. Each organelle has a specialised function
Why are prokaryotes considered less efficient?
Rxns happen all over the cytoplasm, no area of specialization
How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
larger, have structures like chloroplast (mitochondria in animal), have a cell wall and a vacuoles
What does the cell wall give plants? What is it made of?
stability and protection. fat & cellulose
what is the key purpose of a vacuole?
space filler
what is the cell wall made up of? and what is it’s purpose?
fat and cellulose. stability and protection
What is the function of the SER?
produce lipids and move them throughout the cell; ex steroids. detoxification
sections of the ER bleb to create sacs. what are these sacs called?
vesicles
liver of an alcoholic will have which organelle in abundance?
ER for detox
purpose of rough ER
produce protein for export from the cell
purpose of golgi? what type of cells is it heavy in?
receives protiens from RER to be sorted and packaged. secretion cells
purpose of vacuoles?
water, nutrient and waste storage
What are the diseases that affect lysosomal metabolism?
Pompe’s disease and Tay-Sachs`
What is the difference between RER and cytoplasm ribosomes?
RER: export outside cell
cytoplasm: use in the cell
what cell type has large quantities of ribosomes?
pancreatic cells because they synthesize large amounts of proteins
What is the equation for cell respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
what are the 5 factors that increase diffusion?
temperature, SA, concentration gradient (higher gradient -> diffuse faster), size of particles, diffusion medium (solid = slow gas = fast)
endocytosis vs pinocytosis vs phagocytosis?
endocytosis: lmaterials taken in
phagocytosis = type of endocytosis in which large cells/bacteria/cell fragments are taken in
pinocytosis: smaller molecules taken in
