U3S3 alcohols Flashcards
1
Q
Methods of creating alcohols
A
- fermentation
- hydrating alkenes
2
Q
Conditions for hydrating alkenes
A
- solid phosphoric acid catalyst
- 300 degrees
- 60 atm pressure
3
Q
Conditions for fermentation
A
- anaerobic
- yeast
- 30 to 40 degrees
4
Q
Comparison - fermentation
A
- very slow
- very impure
- sugars, renewable
- batch process
5
Q
Comparison - hydration
A
- very fast
- pure
- ethene from oil, finite
- continuous process
6
Q
Equations to prove carbon neutrality of ethanol
A
- photosynthesis
- fermentation
- combustion
7
Q
Acidified potassium dichromate
A
- oxidising agent
- orange dichromate ions reduced to green chromium ions
8
Q
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
A
- heat ethanol with potassium dichromate solution and sulphuric acid in test tube
- remove aldehyde from oxidising solution as soon as forms
- done in distillation apparatus
9
Q
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
A
- alcohol mixed with excess oxidising agent
- heat under reflux
10
Q
Oxidation of primary
A
Alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid
11
Q
Oxidation of secondary alcohols
A
Alcohol to ketone
12
Q
Tollens and aldehyde
A
- silver mirror
13
Q
Tollens and ketone
A
- no change
14
Q
Fehlings and aldehyde
A
- brick-red precipitate
15
Q
Fehlings and ketone
A
- stays blue
