U3S1 organic introduction

Question 1

What is a molecular formula

Answer 1

Gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 2

What is a structural formula

Answer 2

Shows atoms carbon by carbon with attached hydrogens and functional groups

Question 3

What is a displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows how atoms are arranged and bonds between them

Question 4

What is an empirical formula

Answer 4

Gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 5

Alkanes

Answer 5

• general formula CnH2n+2
• saturated

Question 6

Alkenes

Answer 6

• general formula CnH2n
• unsaturated
• has a carbon carbon double bond

Question 7

Alcohols

Answer 7

• general formula CnH2n+1OH

Question 8

Aldehydes

Answer 8

• one of end carbons has a double bond to an O and a single bond to an H
• general formula R-CHO

Question 9

Ketones

Answer 9

• contain a C=O bond on a middle carbon
• general formula R-CO-R

Question 10

Carboxylic acid

Answer 10

• functional group R-COOH

Question 11

What is a chain isomer

Answer 11

• same functional groups
• different arrangements of carbon skeleton

Question 12

What is a position isomer

Answer 12

• same skeleton and same groups of atoms attached
• atom groups attached to different carbons

Question 13

What is a functional groups isomer

Answer 13

• same atoms arranged into different functional groups

Question 14

What is a stereoisomer

Answer 14

• same structural formula but different arrangements in space

Question 15

Why can atoms rotate around C=C double bond

Answer 15

• all lie on same plane
• trigonal planar
• C=C bond restricts rotation

Question 16

What is an E isomer

Answer 16

• matching groups/highest priority groups on opposite sides

Question 17

What is a Z isomer

Answer 17

• matching groups/highest priority groups on same side