U3 - Reasons for Scottish Migration between 1830 and 1919?

Question 1

High Rents

Answer 1

• PUSH

- Most tenants couldn’t afford to pay their rent (usually farmers)

Question 2

The Highland Clearances

Answer 2

• PUSH

- Tenants were replaced with sheep, deer and game: more profitable to them than people

Question 3

Potato Famine

Answer 3

• PUSH
• Arrival of potato blight in mid-1840s so crops became infected
• People relied on the potato alone for food

Question 4

Consolidation of land

Answer 4

• PUSH

- Small farms become big farms resulting in people losing their jobs ass less people are needed

Question 5

Poor quality soil

Answer 5

• PUSH

- Soil in Highlands was very poor quality and very difficult to grow

Question 6

Decline in kelp industry

Answer 6

• PUSH
• Important industry in the West Coast
• Decline led to poverty and people were forced to go abroad

Question 7

Industrialisation

Answer 7

• PULL
• Huge numbers from rural areas to urban centres
• Growth in number of factories and offered jobs

Question 8

Communication

Answer 8

• PULL
• Letters from family expressed the number of opportunities abroad
• Employment, availability of land and improved living conditions

Question 9

Assisted Passage

Answer 9

• PULL
• Between 1830 & 1930 groups in Scotland were offered assistance to help leave the country
• Even though unemployment levels were extremely high

Question 10

Depression

Answer 10

• PUSH
• Scotland were highly dependant on import and export market
• Making the risk of an economic depression high
• Result: huge unemployment & lack of opportunities

Question 11

Job opportunities & Higher wages

Answer 11

• PULL
• Overseas destinations offered scots a new way of life
• Able to obtain employment & secure higher wages

Question 12

Poor housing/living conditions

Answer 12

• PUSH
• In 1880s, 1/3 of all Glaswegians families lived in one room, resulting in an extremely high mortality rate in new-born children
• Many shared their houses with animals

Question 13

Problems in fishing

Answer 13

• PUSH
• Fishing provided on income for many crofters
• Late 19th and early 20th centuries the fishing industry experienced depression

Question 14

Opportunities to own land

Answer 14

• PULL
• People were attracted of the promise of owning land
• It was increasingly rare in Scotland to own land

Question 15

Improvements in transport

Answer 15

• PULL

- Arrival of the steamship made travel time decreased and the cost slightly as these ships had a high turnover

Question 16

Problems in behaviour (AKA convicts)

Answer 16

• PUSH
• Until 1867 some people who were found guilty of crime were sent to Australia
• Punishment was called “being transported”