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History > U2 - Why Liberals introduced Reforms 1906-14 > Flashcards

U2 - Why Liberals introduced Reforms 1906-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

L L I E R

A
  • Liberal Divide
  • Labour Party (Growth)
  • Individuals (Churchill and Lloyd George)
  • Efficiency
  • Reports (Booth and Rowntree)
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2
Q

Pre - 1906 Government attitudes towards people and poverty

A
  • Britain was extremely rich in 1900

- Wealth had been based on growing industrialisation, overseas empire and the strongest navy in the world

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3
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

Laissez - Faire

A
  • Didn’t believe it was the responsibility to intervene in the lives of the British people
  • People were expected to deal with their financial and social hardship on their own
  • Believed the state of British people was one of ‘self-help’
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4
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

British Government thoughts on poverty

A

Believed it was self-inflicted through

  • Idleness
  • Ignorance
  • Drunkenness
  • Gambling
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5
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

Samuel Smiles (a scot)

A
  • 1859 ‘self help’ book typified the attitude of the time
  • Argues that those living in poverty had only themselves to blame and could get themselves out of poverty through hard work and saving
  • Rich people read this book as they could afford it and could read unlike poor people
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6
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

What help exist during the laissez - faire at:

A
  • YMCA - 1844
  • The Salvation Army - 1866
  • Barnardo’s - 1869
  • R.S.P.C.C - 1884
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7
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

The Poor Law System

A
  • In Scotland the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1845 allowed disabled, widows and deserted wives and children into Poorhouses
  • They weren’t forced to work
  • The able-bodied weren’t allowed in
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8
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

The Poor law System - Factors it created

A
  • HUMILIATION
  • DESPERATION
  • SEPERATION
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9
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

The Poor Law System - Portrayed Successful

A
  • Made state help appear very unattractive to the poor
  • Calculated by Historians that 90% of the unemployed never opted for poor relief despite the fact that they lived in poverty
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10
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

By 1906 New Liberals dominated the government and who

A
  • Asquith
  • Haldane
  • Lloyd George
  • Churchill
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11
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

1906 General Election

A
  • Liberals: 399 seats
  • Conservatives: 156 seats
  • Labour: 29 seats
  • Irish Nationalists: 82 seats
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12
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

Henry Campbell Bannerman

A
  • Liberals came into power promising social reform (helping people)
  • He was PM (Prime Minister)
  • Died at age of 69
  • He was Glaswegian
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13
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

H.H Asquith

A
  • PM from 1908-1916
  • Passed most of Liberal Reforms
  • Nicknamed squiffy by opponents
  • Fond drinker
  • A NEW LIBERAL
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14
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

David Lloyd George - Chancellor of the Exchequer

A

“The country that spent £250 million to avenge the insult of a Dutch farmer is not ashamed to see her children walking in the street…in rags”

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15
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

Winston Churchill - President of the board of trade

A

saw “little glory in a country which rules waves but is unable to flush it’s own sewers”

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16
Q

Government Attitudes 1850s - 1906

Summary

A
  • Liberals win election 1906 after 20 years out of power
  • HCB, old Liberal not really up for change
  • H.H Asquith takes over 1908 he is a New Liberal
  • Helped by other new Liberals DLG + WC
  • The major changes take place 1906-1914
17
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military

A
  • REMEMBER: 1900, Empire need for a strong army to maintain a powerful empire
  • It was becoming increasingly likely a war against Germany would have to be fought
18
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military: National Security

A
  • The Boer War (1899-1902) highlighted the urgent need to do something about British health and fitness
  • Took Britain 3 year to defeat poorly equipped Boer farmers and over 1/2 of the volunteers for the volunteers for the army were rejected on medical grounds
19
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military: National Security - Medical Grounds

A
  • Lice
  • Underweight
  • Under height
  • Rotten Teeth
  • Rickets
  • Tuberculosis
20
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military: National Security - Rudyard Kipling

A

“The Boer War gave Britain on hell of a lesson”

21
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military: National Security - British Soldiers

A
  • The quality of British soldiers was blamed for Britain’s poor performance in the war
22
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military: National Efficiency

A
  • End of 19th century, Britain was no longer the world’s strongest industrial nation and was facing serious competition from new industrial nations such as Germany and USA
  • Some politicians thought that workforce had to be better educate and healthier
  • Education became compulsory in 1870 in Scotland and 1872 in Britain
23
Q

Why the reforms were passed

Efficiency - Military: National Efficiency - Survey

A
  • Showed that Britain children were much smaller and thinner than America
24
Q

Why the reforms were passed

The reports of Booth and Rowntree - Booth

A
  • Report on Poverty: Charles Booth (London)

- Factual report into “The Lives and Labour of the people of London” from 1886 to 1903

25
Q

Why the reforms were passed

The reports of Booth and Rowntree - Booth - Stats

A
  • Revealed that 30% of people were living below his “Poverty Line” - minimum income of £0.90 to £1.05 a week or a family with three children
  • Only 3% out of that 30% were getting Poor Law help
26
Q

Why the reforms were passed

The reports of Booth and Rowntree - Rowntree

A
  • Report on Poverty: Seebohm Rowntree
  • Investigated poverty in York in his “Poverty a study of Town Life” in 1901
  • Used Booth’s “poverty line” and defined Primary Poverty and Secondary Poverty
  • Proof that this was not a problem restricted to London
27
Q

Why the reforms were passed

The reports of Booth and Rowntree - Rowntree - Primary Poverty

A
  • Not enough income for basic needs
28
Q

Why the reforms were passed

The reports of Booth and Rowntree - Rowntree - Secondary Poverty

A
  • Enough income, but wasted
29
Q

Why the reforms were passed

The reports of Booth and Rowntree - Rowntree - Historiography

A
  • Rowntree’s book (poverty) is one of the most important books written by a Britain in the 20 century - A Marr History of Britain
30
Q

When are you most likely to be in poverty? - Primary Poverty level

A
  • Born and grows up in poverty
  • Children born after marriage
  • Old age and cannot work anymore
31
Q

Importance of Booth and Rowntree

A
  • Both found that the factors were mainly outside the control of the individual, and could not therefore be tackled by self-help
32
Q

Importance of Booth and Rowntree - Main causes that were not true

A
  • Laziness
  • Drunkenness
  • Gambling
33
Q

Importance of Booth and Rowntree - Causes they found

A
  • Casual Labour
  • Low Pay
  • Unemployment
  • Ill health
  • Old age
  • Large Families
34
Q

Examples of other countries - Germany Example

A
  • Leading Liberals were impressed and influenced by advances in other countries - Germany’s military strength and social legislation
  • Bismarck introduced sickness and accident insurance and old age pension schemes in the 1880s
35
Q

The Rise of the Labour Party

A
  • 1910s: The Liberals were being replaced by the Labour as being the party of the working classes
  • Labour MPs: 1900 - 2 seats
    1910 - 40 seats
36
Q

Political Developments and Pragmatism

A
  • Most working class me had been given the vote by 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts and the liberals had to compete with the Conservatives to attract these votes
  • Late 19th Century the trade unions were growing in power and were demanding social reform for working class
  • If they wanted to remain a dominant political force they would have to introduce real social reforms to meet the needs of working class
37
Q

Essay Structure

A
  • The Reports of Booth and Rowntree
  • New Liberalism + German Example
  • Military Efficiency + National Efficiency
  • Rise of Labour + Political advantage

History (11 decks)

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