u3 aos2 Flashcards
adenosine triphospahte (ATP)
a high-energy molecule stored in muscle cells and other parts of the body, it is the energy currency for biological work
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
a by-product that results when ATP breaks down and loses one of its phosphate groups located at the end of the molecule
creatine phosphate
chemical compound found in muscle cells that is capable of storing and releasing energy that can be used to resynthesise ATP from ADP and Pi
carbohydrates
naturally occurring compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and iron. transported as glucose and stored as glycogen
glycaemic index
a ranking of carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to 100 according to the extent to which they raise blood-glucose levels after eating
fats
transported as free fatty acids and glycerol and stored as triglycerides
protein
essential component of a balanced diet, allows for muscle growth and repair, fights disease, helps chemical reactions and transports materials, transported as amino acids and stored as amino acids
ATP demand
how much ATP is required during an activity and the rate at which it is expended and, therefore, needs to be resynthesised
ATP rate
how quickly ATP is resynthesised, decreases from ATP-CP to aerobic
ATP yield
the total amount of ATP that is resynthesised during an exercise bout, increases from ATP-CP to aerobic
ATP-CP system
provides energy for resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of creatine phosphate without oxygen being involved - passive recovery
fatigue
physical and/or mental lethargy or exhaustion triggered by stress, exercise, overwork, illness, or disease
recovery
overcoming of fatigue experienced from exercise or training, where body systems repair damaged tissue and replenish energy stores
anaerobic glycolysis system
provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of glycogen through a series of chemical steps that do not require oxygen - active recovery
aerobic system
provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of various energy fuels (mainly glycogen and triglycerides) through a series of chemical steps that require oxygen
interplay of energy systems
the energy systems working together but at different rates to supply the ATP required for an activity
lactate inflection point
represents the highest intensity point where there is a balance between lactate production and removal from the blood
oxygen deficit
the state in which there is a discrepancy between oxygen supply and demand and the oxygen needed to meet the energy requirements of the activity
steady state
the state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand so that virtually all of the required ATP to maintain the current exercise intensity is being supplied aerobically
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
the amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery period after the cessation of an exercise bout that is over and above the amount usually required during rest (also called oxygen debt)
