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Question 1

adenosine triphospahte (ATP)

Answer 1

a high-energy molecule stored in muscle cells and other parts of the body, it is the energy currency for biological work

Question 2

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 2

a by-product that results when ATP breaks down and loses one of its phosphate groups located at the end of the molecule

Question 3

creatine phosphate

Answer 3

chemical compound found in muscle cells that is capable of storing and releasing energy that can be used to resynthesise ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 4

carbohydrates

Answer 4

naturally occurring compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and iron. transported as glucose and stored as glycogen

Question 5

glycaemic index

Answer 5

a ranking of carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to 100 according to the extent to which they raise blood-glucose levels after eating

Question 6

fats

Answer 6

transported as free fatty acids and glycerol and stored as triglycerides

Question 7

protein

Answer 7

essential component of a balanced diet, allows for muscle growth and repair, fights disease, helps chemical reactions and transports materials, transported as amino acids and stored as amino acids

Question 8

ATP demand

Answer 8

how much ATP is required during an activity and the rate at which it is expended and, therefore, needs to be resynthesised

Question 9

ATP rate

Answer 9

how quickly ATP is resynthesised, decreases from ATP-CP to aerobic

Question 10

ATP yield

Answer 10

the total amount of ATP that is resynthesised during an exercise bout, increases from ATP-CP to aerobic

Question 11

ATP-CP system

Answer 11

provides energy for resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of creatine phosphate without oxygen being involved - passive recovery

Question 12

fatigue

Answer 12

physical and/or mental lethargy or exhaustion triggered by stress, exercise, overwork, illness, or disease

Question 13

recovery

Answer 13

overcoming of fatigue experienced from exercise or training, where body systems repair damaged tissue and replenish energy stores

Question 14

anaerobic glycolysis system

Answer 14

provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of glycogen through a series of chemical steps that do not require oxygen - active recovery

Question 15

aerobic system

Answer 15

provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of various energy fuels (mainly glycogen and triglycerides) through a series of chemical steps that require oxygen

Question 16

interplay of energy systems

Answer 16

the energy systems working together but at different rates to supply the ATP required for an activity

Question 17

lactate inflection point

Answer 17

represents the highest intensity point where there is a balance between lactate production and removal from the blood

Question 18

oxygen deficit

Answer 18

the state in which there is a discrepancy between oxygen supply and demand and the oxygen needed to meet the energy requirements of the activity

Question 19

steady state

Answer 19

the state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand so that virtually all of the required ATP to maintain the current exercise intensity is being supplied aerobically

Question 20

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 20

the amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery period after the cessation of an exercise bout that is over and above the amount usually required during rest (also called oxygen debt)