u3 aos1 part 2 Flashcards
biomechanics
the study of the mechanical principles that govern human movement
kinetics
the study of forces that cause motion and also the forces resulting from motion
kinematics
the study of movement with reference to time, displacement, and velocity
motion
the change in position of a body in relation to time
linear motion
motion that occurs either in a straight line or curved path
angular motion
movement around a central axis of rotation
mass
the quantity of matter found within a particular body
inertia
the resistance of a body to a change in its state of motion
velocity
the rate of the speed an object moves its position. displacement/time
force
a push or pull. It will change the shape of the object or move the object. mass x acceleration
momentum
a measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion. mass x velocity
force summation
the correct timing and sequencing of body segments and muscles through a range of motion
simultaneous force summation
the use of multiple body parts at the same time to produce movement
sequential force summation
the activation of body parts that are used in sequence to produce force
moment of inertia
a measure of an object’s resistance to change in its rate of rotation
newton’s first law of motion
a body will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force
newton’s second law of motion
a force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of force
newton’s third law of motion
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
impulse
change in momentum of an object and it is proportional to the length of time the force is applied. force x time
displacement
the difference between the initial position and final position of an object
speed
the rate of motion (distance/time)
general motion
combination. movement around an axis that causes straight line movement
acceleration
rate of velocity change experienced by an object over time
distance
how much ground an object covers throughout its motion
projectile motion
an object or body released into the air
speed of release
the force applied to the projectile will have a large impact on its motion
angle of release
there needs to be an optimal angle of release to minimise the effects of both gravity and air resistance
height of release
if the angle and speed of release are constant, an object released from a higher point will travel further than one released from a lower level
equilibrium
a state in which there is a balance of forces or influences in opposition to each other
centre of gravity
the central point of an object, about which all of its weight is evenly distributed and balanced
line of gravity
an imaginary line which passes through the centre of gravity and continues down into the centre of an object’s base of support
base of support
the area of an object that is in contact with the surface supporting it
friction
occurs when two surfaces come in contact with each other. opposes the motion of an object
first class lever
the axis as the central component that separates the force and resistance
second class lever
the resistance as the central component that separates the force and axis
third class lever
the force as the central component that separates the resistance and axis
lever
a rigid structure that rotates around an axis
angular momentum
the amount of angular motion possessed by a body
newton’s first law of angular motion
the angular momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque
newton’s second law of angular motion
a torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the object
newton’s third law of angular motion
for every torque there is an equal and opposite torque
torque
the turning effect caused by applying an eccentric force
