U2L13 L14 L15

Question 1

True or false: natural selection will result in an organism being a perfect match to its environment

Answer 1

False

Question 2

True or false: an individual can evolve in its lifetime

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True or false: natural selection is a random process

Answer 3

False

Question 4

How did Darwin define evolution

Answer 4

Descent with modification

Question 5

How did the study of fossils help lay the groundwork for Darwin’s ideas

Answer 5

Fossils are remains of organisms from the past found in sedimentary rock which appears in layers of strata

Question 6

What did Darwin perceive about adaptation?

Answer 6

That adaptation to the environment and the origin of new species were closely related processes

Question 7

Natural selection can only ______ or ______ heritable traits that vary in a population

Answer 7

Increase or decrease

Question 8

What is the criteria for natural selection

Answer 8

1. Characters may vary
2. Variation must be heritable
3. More offspring produced than survive
4. Characters confer differential survival/reproductive benefit

Question 9

Equation for natural selection

Answer 9

Variation + heritable + differential survival -> natural selection

Question 10

What are the 4 types of data that document the pattern of evolution

Answer 10

1. Direct observations
2. Homology
3. The fossil record
4. Biogeography

Question 11

What 2 examples provide evidence for natural selection

Answer 11

• natural selection in plant species
• evolution of drug resistant bacteria

Question 12

Natural selection does not

Answer 12

Create new traits but edits or selects traits that are already present in the population

Question 13

What is homology

Answer 13

Similarity resulting from common ancestry

Question 14

What are homologous structures?

Answer 14

Anatomical resemblances representing variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor - mammalian forelimbs

Question 15

What are vestigial structures

Answer 15

Remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors

Question 16

What are evolutionary trees?

Answer 16

Hypotheses about relationships among different groups

Question 17

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 17

Evolution of similar or analogous features in distantly related groups

Question 18

What is biogeography

Answer 18

Study of the geographic distribution of species which provides evidence of evolution

Question 19

What are endemic species?

Answer 19

Species that are not found anywhere else in the world

Question 20

Lactase Permanence table

Answer 20

Macromolecule: lactase is the enzyme responsible for digestion of lactose and its production decreases after the weaning phase in most mammals
Cell: continues to produce lactase past the weaning stage
Organism: can digest milk and obtain nutrients and energy from dairy
Population: different mutations in Africa, Middle East and Europe has evolved multiple times - example of convergent evolution