U1L7&8

Question 1

The laws of probability

Answer 1

govern Mendelian inheritance

Question 2

In a typical experiment, Mendel mated two contrasting true-breeding varieties, a process called

Answer 2

hybridization

Question 3

True-breeding parents are

Answer 3

P generation

Question 4

Hybrid offspring of P generation are called

Answer 4

F 1 generation

Question 5

When F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross- pollinate with other F 1 hybrids

Answer 5

F 2 generation is produced

Question 6

The Law of Segregation

Answer 6

Mendel called purple flower colour a dominant trait and white flower colour a recessive trait

Question 7

alternative versions of a gene are called

Answer 7

Alleles

Question 8

Punnett square

Answer 8

a diagram for predicting the results of a genetic cross between individuals of known genetic makeup

Question 9

An organism with two identical alleles

Answer 9

Homozygous

Question 10

An organism that has two different alleles

Answer 10

Heterozygous

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

Physical appearance

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

Genetic makeup

Question 13

True breeding

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

Albinism

Answer 14

Recessive

Question 15

Complete dominance

Answer 15

occurs when phenotypes of the
heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

Question 16

Incomplete dominance

Answer 16

The phenotype of F 1 hybrids
is in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties

Question 17

Codominance

Answer 17

Two dominant alleles affect the
phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

Question 18

pleiotropy

Answer 18

Most genes have multiple phenotypic effects, a property called

Question 19

epistasis

Answer 19

Gene at one locus alters the phenotypic
expression of a gene at a second locus

Question 20

Quantitative characters

Answer 20

are those that vary in the
population along a continuum

Question 21

pedigree

Answer 21

family tree describing interrelationships of parents and children across generations

Question 22

Cystic fibrosis results from

Answer 22

defective or absent chloride transport channels in plasma membranes leading to a buildup of chloride ions outside cell

Question 23

Sickle-cell disease is caused by

Answer 23

substitution of a single amino acid in hemoglobin protein in red blood cells

Question 24

Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by a rare

Answer 24

dominant allele

Question 25

Tay Sachs Disease is

Answer 25

autosomal recessive

Question 26

Cystic Fibrosis is

Answer 26

autosomal recessive

Question 27

Sickle Cell Anemia is

Answer 27

autosomal recessive