U1L7&8 Flashcards
The laws of probability
govern Mendelian inheritance
In a typical experiment, Mendel mated two contrasting true-breeding varieties, a process called
hybridization
True-breeding parents are
P generation
Hybrid offspring of P generation are called
F 1 generation
When F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross- pollinate with other F 1 hybrids
F 2 generation is produced
The Law of Segregation
Mendel called purple flower colour a dominant trait and white flower colour a recessive trait
alternative versions of a gene are called
Alleles
Punnett square
a diagram for predicting the results of a genetic cross between individuals of known genetic makeup
An organism with two identical alleles
Homozygous
An organism that has two different alleles
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Physical appearance
Genotype
Genetic makeup
True breeding
Homozygous
Albinism
Recessive
Complete dominance
occurs when phenotypes of the
heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical
Incomplete dominance
The phenotype of F 1 hybrids
is in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
Codominance
Two dominant alleles affect the
phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
pleiotropy
Most genes have multiple phenotypic effects, a property called
epistasis
Gene at one locus alters the phenotypic
expression of a gene at a second locus
Quantitative characters
are those that vary in the
population along a continuum
pedigree
family tree describing interrelationships of parents and children across generations
Cystic fibrosis results from
defective or absent chloride transport channels in plasma membranes leading to a buildup of chloride ions outside cell
Sickle-cell disease is caused by
substitution of a single amino acid in hemoglobin protein in red blood cells
Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by a rare
dominant allele
Tay Sachs Disease is
autosomal recessive
Cystic Fibrosis is
autosomal recessive
Sickle Cell Anemia is
autosomal recessive
