U2KA8 Flashcards
What does continually high blood glucose levels lead to?
the endothelium cells taking in more glucose than normal, damaging the blood vessels
What are examples of damages in the body caused by high blood glucose levels?
retinal haemorrhage, renal failure and peripheral nerve dysfunction.
How is blood glucose controlled in the body?
the pancreas and the liver work together to control blood glucose by releasing and responding to two hormones : insulin and glucagon
What happens when blood glucose levels increase?
pancreatic receptors detect the high blood glucose –> respond by increasing the release of insulin from pancreas –> insulin travels in the blood to liver –> actives conversion of glucose to glycogen –> decreases blood glucose concentration
What happens when blood glucose levels decrease?
pancreatic receptos detect low blood glucose —> increase secretion of glucagon from pancreas –> glucagon travels in blood to liver –> conversion of glycogen to glucose –> incrreased blood glucose concentration
What is released for glucose concentrations in the blood to be raised during exercise and fight or flight response?
adrenaline
where is adrenaline released from?
adrenal glands
How does adrenaline increasing glucose concentration help the body?
by stimulating glucagon secretion and inhibiting insulting secretion, this helps prepare the body for activity and lots of aerobic respiration.
What is diabetes?
its a disease that prevents proper regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
How do doctors test for diabetes and why?
urine, because for untreated diabetic people, some glucose will pass into the urine.
What is the test called that confirms the diagnosis of diabetes?
the glucose tolerance test
When does type 1 diabetes usually occur?
in childhood
What are type 1 diabetic people unable to do and what treatment do they get?
they are unable to produce insulin and can be treated with regular doses of insulin
when does type 2 diabetes typically develop? Which type of people are at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes?
later in life, risk is increased by being overweight
Explain type 2 diabetes
they can produce insulin but their cells are less sensitive to it, this insulin resistance is linked to a decrease in number of insulin receptors in the liver leading to a failure to convert glucose to glycogen
