U2KA6

Question 1

Describe the blood flow from the body

Answer 1

Blood travels from body –> right atrium via vena cava –> right ventricle via atrioventricular valve –> semi-lunar valve into pulmonary artery –> lungs

Question 2

What does the atrioventricular valve do?

Answer 2

prevents backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium, when ventricles contract blood is pushed out of the heart.

Question 3

Describe the blood flow from the lungs

Answer 3

lungs –> left atrium via pulmonary vein –> left ventricle via atrioventricular valve –> aorta via semi-lunar valve –> body

Question 4

What is cardiac output?

Answer 4

the volume of blood pumped through each ventricle per minute

Question 5

What is cardiac output determined by?

Answer 5

heart rate and stroke volume

Question 6

What is heart rate?

Answer 6

its the number of beats per minute completed by the heart

Question 7

What is stroke volume?

Answer 7

the volume of blood emptied from the heart by both ventricles for every beat

Question 8

What’s the formula of cardiac output?

Answer 8

CO = HR x SV

Question 9

what is diastole?

Answer 9

relaxation of ventricles and atria

Question 10

what is artial systole

Answer 10

atrial contraction

Question 11

what ventricular systole

Answer 11

ventricular contraction

Question 12

describe the cardiac cycle

Answer 12

diastole –> blood returns to atria –> flows into ventricles –> atrial systole transfers blood through atrioventricular valves to ventricle —> ventricular systole pumpls blood out through semi-lunar valve –> aorta and pulmonary valve

Question 13

What is the sino-atrial node and what does it do?

Answer 13

its the wall of the right atrium and it creates heartbeat

Question 14

how does the sino-atrial node create heartbeat?

Answer 14

they have the ability to spontaneously send signals across the heart, these signals control heart rate.

Question 15

what is the SA node knonw as?

Answer 15

pacemaker cells

Question 16

sino-atrial node are _______.

Answer 16

autorhythmic

Question 17

Where is the atrioventricular node located?

Answer 17

centre of heart

Question 18

How does the AV node work?

Answer 18

receive impulses –> passed them down fibres down the wall of the heart –> ventricle contract

Question 19

What can detect currents generated by the impulses in the heart?

Answer 19

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 20

What are the 3 different waves detected in an ECG?

Answer 20

P wave, QRS wave and T wave

Question 21

What does the P wave detect in an ECG/

Answer 21

electrical wave across the atria

Question 22

What does the QRS wave detect in an ECG

Answer 22

electrical wave across the ventricles

Question 23

what does the T wave detect in an ECG

Answer 23

electrical recovery in the ahrt

Question 24

the ______ regulates the rate of sinoatrial node through the _______ action of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 24

medulla, antagonistic

Question 25

a sympathetic nerve releases ______ which increases heart rate

Answer 25

noradrenaline

Question 26

parasympathetic nerve releases _______ which decreases heart rate

Answer 26

acetylcholine

Question 27

When does blood pressure increase during cardiac cycle?

Answer 27

during ventricular systole and decreases during diastole

Question 28

what does a sphygmomanometer measure?

Answer 28

blood pressure

Question 29

what is a sphygmomanometer also called?

Answer 29

blood pressure meter

Question 30

what are the 2 readings when measuring blood pressure?

Answer 30

1st higher reading is systolic blood pressure and second lower reading is a diastolic blood pressure

Question 31

what’s the typical blood pressure for a young adult?

Answer 31

120/80Hg