U2KA2

Question 1

What is puberty?

Answer 1

a series of changes in a person’s body that prepare them for sexual reproduction and adulthood.

Question 2

What happens at the star of puberty in females?

Answer 2

a releaser hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 3

What does FSH stand for?

Answer 3

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 4

What does FSH do in females?

Answer 4

it starts the production of mature ova in the ovaries and building of the endometrium

Question 5

What does LH stand for?

Answer 5

luteinising hormone

Question 6

What does LH do?

Answer 6

it triggers secondary sexual characteristics

Question 7

What are examples of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

Answer 7

breast development, pubic hair, widening of hips and increased muscle mass

Question 8

What happens at the start of puberty in males?

Answer 8

a releaser hormone is from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to released follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

Question 9

What does FSH in males do?

Answer 9

starts sperm production

Question 10

What does ICSH stand for?

Answer 10

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Question 11

What does ICSH do?

Answer 11

it triggers the interstitial cells to released testosterone which triggers secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 12

What are examples of secondary sexual characteristics in males?

Answer 12

broadening of the shoulders, increased muscle mass, public hair and voice deepening.

Question 13

How does the FSH travel?

Answer 13

released from the pituitary gland in the brain —> travels in the blood to the testes —> binds to receptors on the seminiferous tubules

Question 14

How does ICSH travel?

Answer 14

released from pituitary gland in the brain —-> travels in the blood to the testes —-> binds to receptors in interstitial cells

Question 15

Where is testosterone released from?

Answer 15

interstitial cells

Question 16

What are the 2 main functions of testosterone?

Answer 16

stimulate sperm production and active the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

Question 17

What is negative feedback control in males?

Answer 17

if levels of T too high, it will inhibit production of FSH and ICSH in the pituitary gland which prevents more production of sperm and T, allowing the levels of T to drop.

Question 18

How many hormones regulate the production of mature ova and the building of the endometrium?

Answer 18

four

Question 19

What are the 4 hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

FSH, LH, progesterone and oestrogen

Question 20

How does FSH travel?

Answer 20

released by pituitary gland in the brain —> travels in blood to ovaries —-> binds to receptors on ovaries and stimulates production of follicle

Question 21

What does the follicle produce?

Answer 21

oestrogen

Question 22

How does oestrogen travel?

Answer 22

travels in blood to uterus —> oestrogen stimulates the building of the endometrium

Question 23

What does oestrogen also affect apart from the stimulation of building the endometrium?

Answer 23

cervical mucus

Question 24

What does cervical mucus do in the uterus?

Answer 24

thinning cervical mucus allows sperm through more easily

Question 25

What happens when there is high levels of oestrogen?

Answer 25

triggers the release of LH in the pituitary gland

Question 26

How does LH travel?

Answer 26

released from pituitary gland ---> travels in blood to ovaries

Question 27

What are the 2 roles of LH in the ovary?

Answer 27

cause the follicle to rupture, releasing mature ovum (ovulation) and develop the left-over bit of follicle into the corpus luteum.

Question 28

What does corpus luteum release?

Answer 28

progesteron

Question 29

Where does progesterone travel to?

Answer 29

the uterus

Question 30

What does progesterone promote?

Answer 30

further development and vascularisation of the endometrium preparing it for implantation if fertilisation occurs.

Question 31

What else happens if there is high levels of oestrogen?

Answer 31

it inhibits production of FSH in the pituitary gland.

Question 32

What does inhibition of production of FSH ensure?

Answer 32

that only one follicle develops at a time

Question 33

What happens during menstruation?

Answer 33

progesterone inhibits LH production ---> lack of LH causes the corpus luteum to degenerate ---> progesterone production drops ---> breakdown of the endomatrium

Question 34

The zygote releases signals that prevent ___________

Answer 34

the degeneration of the corpus luteum meaning progesterone levels do not drop and endometrium does not break down