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higher human bio unit 2 > U2KA2 > Flashcards

U2KA2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is puberty?

A

a series of changes in a person’s body that prepare them for sexual reproduction and adulthood.

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2
Q

What happens at the star of puberty in females?

A

a releaser hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

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3
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

follicle stimulating hormone

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4
Q

What does FSH do in females?

A

it starts the production of mature ova in the ovaries and building of the endometrium

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5
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

luteinising hormone

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6
Q

What does LH do?

A

it triggers secondary sexual characteristics

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7
Q

What are examples of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

A

breast development, pubic hair, widening of hips and increased muscle mass

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8
Q

What happens at the start of puberty in males?

A

a releaser hormone is from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to released follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

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9
Q

What does FSH in males do?

A

starts sperm production

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10
Q

What does ICSH stand for?

A

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

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11
Q

What does ICSH do?

A

it triggers the interstitial cells to released testosterone which triggers secondary sexual characteristics.

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12
Q

What are examples of secondary sexual characteristics in males?

A

broadening of the shoulders, increased muscle mass, public hair and voice deepening.

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13
Q

How does the FSH travel?

A

released from the pituitary gland in the brain —> travels in the blood to the testes —> binds to receptors on the seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

How does ICSH travel?

A

released from pituitary gland in the brain —-> travels in the blood to the testes —-> binds to receptors in interstitial cells

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15
Q

Where is testosterone released from?

A

interstitial cells

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16
Q

What are the 2 main functions of testosterone?

A

stimulate sperm production and active the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

17
Q

What is negative feedback control in males?

A

if levels of T too high, it will inhibit production of FSH and ICSH in the pituitary gland which prevents more production of sperm and T, allowing the levels of T to drop.

18
Q

How many hormones regulate the production of mature ova and the building of the endometrium?

A

four

19
Q

What are the 4 hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH, LH, progesterone and oestrogen

20
Q

How does FSH travel?

A

released by pituitary gland in the brain —> travels in blood to ovaries —-> binds to receptors on ovaries and stimulates production of follicle

21
Q

What does the follicle produce?

A

oestrogen

22
Q

How does oestrogen travel?

A

travels in blood to uterus —> oestrogen stimulates the building of the endometrium

23
Q

What does oestrogen also affect apart from the stimulation of building the endometrium?

A

cervical mucus

24
Q

What does cervical mucus do in the uterus?

A

thinning cervical mucus allows sperm through more easily

25
Q

What happens when there is high levels of oestrogen?

A

triggers the release of LH in the pituitary gland

26
Q

How does LH travel?

A

released from pituitary gland —> travels in blood to ovaries

27
Q

What are the 2 roles of LH in the ovary?

A

cause the follicle to rupture, releasing mature ovum (ovulation) and develop the left-over bit of follicle into the corpus luteum.

28
Q

What does corpus luteum release?

A

progesteron

29
Q

Where does progesterone travel to?

A

the uterus

30
Q

What does progesterone promote?

A

further development and vascularisation of the endometrium preparing it for implantation if fertilisation occurs.

31
Q

What else happens if there is high levels of oestrogen?

A

it inhibits production of FSH in the pituitary gland.

32
Q

What does inhibition of production of FSH ensure?

A

that only one follicle develops at a time

33
Q

What happens during menstruation?

A

progesterone inhibits LH production —> lack of LH causes the corpus luteum to degenerate —> progesterone production drops —> breakdown of the endomatrium

34
Q

The zygote releases signals that prevent ___________

A

the degeneration of the corpus luteum meaning progesterone levels do not drop and endometrium does not break down

higher human bio unit 2 (8 decks)

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