U2- Motivation And Leadership Flashcards
Name the 3 theorists in this course
Maslow
Herzberg
McGregor
What was Herzberg famous for?
For promoting the theory of job enrichment and developing the motivator- hygiene theory (also known as the 2 factor theory of job satisfaction)
What is Herzbergs theory?
People are influenced by 2 factors
The idea is that hygiene factors will not motivate but if they are not there then they can lower motivation
Motivational factors will not necessarily lower motivation but can be responsible for increasing motivation
In addition to his theory what else did Herzberg suggest?
Employees respond positively to greater responsibility and recognition
It is the responsibility of managers to provide positive feedback, such as greater responsibilities and to ensure hygiene factors are in place
Name 6 of Herzbergs motivators
Achievement
Challenging work
Promotion prospects
Recognition
Responsibility
Target setting
Name 6 of Herzbergs hygiene factors
Company policies
Fair pay
Interpersonal relationships
Security
Working conditions
Working machinery
What was McGregor famous for?
His work on the theories of management and motivation is closely related to Maslow and Herzberg
He is famous for theory X and theory Y
How has McGregors theory been applied to modern business?
Theory Y forms the basis of Total Quality Management and this has become widely implemented across the world in different types of businesses
What did McGregor believe?
That Theory Y would lead to greater worker motivation
He believed that Theory X was unrealistic in its assumption that authority was the main means of control
He acknowledged that the employee behaviour in many organisations reflected theory X
Theory Y is a more positive starting point as the assumption here is that employees are motivated and enjoy their work
Give 4 examples of theory X and their opposites from theory Y
Management assumes employees are lazy and lack ambition- assumes employees are motivated and enjoy their work
Managers need to lead and control with a high degree of supervision- management believes that employees are active and will engage with change
Managers hold the belief that workers work for money and nothing else- self management is encouraged
Blame culture may be evident- effective teams are encouraged as well as interdisciplinary working
What is leadership?
It is usually directed towards the ability of those in a position of influence and their ability to influence those in their control in order to achieve organisational objectives
A good leader is not always a good manager
Give 7 roles of managers
Administrates
Follows procedures
Has subordinates
Does things right
Relies on discipline and control
Deals with complex issues
May be operational and/ or strategic
Give 9 roles of leaders
Innovates
Instigates change
Challenges the norm
Focuses on vision
Is strategic
Has followers
Encourages trust and empowers individuals
Focuses on people
Does the right thing
What are the 3 different leadership styles?
Autocratic
Democratic/ participative
Laissez- faire
Give 3 characteristics of autocratic leadership
Linked to McGregors theory X
The leader has absolute authority and no consultation with subordinates
Obedience is expected without question
Give 3 advantages of autocratic leadership
Quick decision making
Employees get direct assistance from the top
Inexperienced employees may be more motivated through the experience of the leader
Give 5 disadvantages of autocratic leadership
Encourages a blame culture
Total dependency on the leader
Lack of trust
Poor motivator
Employees have no opportunity to develop
Give 3 characteristics of democratic leadership
Good communication between the leader and employees
Leader makes decisions but explains the reasons why
Leader shares problems by setting up teams
Give 4 advantages of democratic leadership
Employees feel more engaged and motivated
Empowerment leads to greater employee job satisfaction
Employees are better prepared for promotion
Encourages employees to be more accepting of change (as they are involved in decision making)
Give 3 disadvantages of democratic leadership
Some employees may require close supervision
Decision making could take time
Requires an effective leader in order to avoid conflict
Give 3 characteristics of laissez- faire leadership
Leader leaves the employees and doesn’t interfere
The team is expected to set its own goals and resolve its own problems
Leader delegates power and authority to employees
Give 5 advantages of laissez- faire leadership
High degree of trust among employees
Increased motivation
Managerial wages can be reduced due to less need for management
Reduction in stress for managers
Employees can improve their skills quickly
Give 3 disadvantages of laissez-faire leadership
Employees may feel more pressure and become stressed
Poor quality output can occur
Competent employees may seek more financial compensation for taking on more responsibility
