U2-1 - Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compound which contains only carbon and hydrogen.

E.g. C₃H₈

Question 2

Products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

Products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Carbon monoxide and water

Question 4

Chemical test for carbon dioxide

Answer 4

Limewater turns from clear to cloudy

Question 5

Homologous series

Answer 5

A group of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

Question 6

General formula for alkanes

Answer 6

C_nH_2n+2

Question 7

General formula for alkenes

Answer 7

C_nH_2n

Question 8

General formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 8

C_nH_2n

Question 9

Alkane, alkene or cycloalkane?

Answer 9

Alkene

Question 10

Alkane, alkene or cycloalkane?

Answer 10

Cycloalkane

Question 11

Alkane, alkene or cycloalkane?

Answer 11

Alkane

Question 12

Why is this structure classified as an alkane?

Answer 12

Single C–C bonds only, follows C_nH_2n+2

Question 13

Why is this structure classified as a cycloalkane?

Answer 13

Ring structure, follows C_nH_2n

Question 14

Why is this structure classified as an alkene?

Answer 14

Carbon to carbon double bond (C=C), follows C_nH_2n

Question 15

Name ending for alkenes

Answer 15

-ene

Question 16

Name prefix for cycloalkanes

Answer 16

Cyclo-

Question 17

Name ending for alkanes

Answer 17

-ane

Question 18

Name this compound

Answer 18

Methane

Question 19

What is missing from the name?

butene

Answer 19

Location of the double bond (but-1-ene)

Question 20

Unsaturated compound

Answer 20

More hydrogens can be added on, e.g. C=C is present.

Question 21

Chemical test for unsaturation

Answer 21

Unsaturated compounds rapidly decolourise bromine water.

Question 22

Compounds from which homologous series will rapidly decolourise bromine water?

Answer 22

Alkenes (have C=C)

Question 23

Isomers

Answer 23

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Question 24

Which two homologous series are isomers of each other?

Answer 24

Alkenes and cycloalkanes

Question 25

Functional group

Answer 25

A group of atoms with characteristic chemical activity.

(Compounds with the same functional group have similar chemistry, e.g. all alkenes with C=C react with bromine).​

Question 26

For every 1 C=C added to a molecule, … hydrogens are removed.

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Addition reaction

Answer 27

A reaction in which two or more molecules join to produce a single larger molecule and nothing else.​

Question 28

Name this type of addition reaction

Answer 28

Hydrogenation

Question 29

Name this type of addition reaction

Answer 29

Hydration

Question 30

Name this type of addition reaction

Answer 30

Halogenation

Question 31

Prefix for 1 carbon

Answer 31

Meth-

Question 32

Prefix for 2 carbons

Answer 32

Eth-

Question 33

Prefix for 3 carbons

Answer 33

Prop-

Question 34

Prefix for 4 carbons

Answer 34

But-

Question 35

Prefix for 5 carbons

Answer 35

Pent-

Question 36

Prefix for 6 carbons

Answer 36

Hex-

Question 37

Prefix for 7 carbons

Answer 37

Hept-

Question 38

Prefix for 8 carbons

Answer 38

Oct-

Question 39

Name this branch

Answer 39

Methyl

Question 40

Name this branch

Answer 40

Ethyl

Question 41

What do the brackets mean?

Answer 41

Branch

(Whatever is in the brackets is a branch on the preceding carbon)

Question 42

4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

Why does ethyl come before methyl?

Answer 42

Branches are listed in alphabetical order