U1-2 - Atomic Bonding and Structure Flashcards
Name of group 1 in the periodic table
Alkali metals
Name of group 7 in the period table
Halogens
Name of group 0/8 in the periodic table
Noble gases
List the diatomic elements (there are 7)
H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
A proton has a mass of ….. and a charge of …. .
mass = 1
charge = +1
A neutron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .
mass = 1
charge = 0
An electron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .
mass = 0
charge = -1
Atomic number
The number of protons. Defines an element.
Mass number
The number of protons and neutrons
Why are atoms neutral?
Equal number of protons and electrons.
+ and - charges cancel out.
In the nuclide notation shown, 17 is the …
Atomic number
In the nuclide notation shown, 35 is the …
Mass number
What is a valence electron?
An electron in the outermost electron shell (furthest from the nucleus).
Ion
A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons
Why do atoms form ions?
To gain a full outer shell of electrons.
This makes them more stable.
Ions have the same electron arrangement as the nearest ….
Noble gas
Explain why noble gases do not form ions.
They already have a full outer shell.
The number of protons. Defines an element.
Atomic number
The number of protons and neutrons
Mass number
A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons
Ion
Isotopes
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
State the structure of noble gases.
Monatomic (exist as single atoms).
Give the definition of a covalent bond.
A covalent bond forms when two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons.
Draw a diagram, showing all outer electrons, to represent a molecule of ammonia, NH3.
Shape of a molecule containing 2 atoms
Linear
Shape of a molecule containing 3 atoms
Angular
Shape of a molecule containing 4 atoms
Trigonal pyramidal
Shape of a molecule containing 5 atoms
Tetrahedral
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Isotopes
This type of structure is made of discrete molecules.
Covalent molecular
This type of structure is made up of thousands of atoms bonded together.
Covalent network
Low melting point:
molecular or network?
Molecular
Very high melting point:
molecular or network?
Network
Covalent network elements (3)
Boron, silicon, carbon
Very hard and unreactive:
molecular or network?
Network
Structure of an ionic solid
Ionic lattice
Type of bond formed between two non-metals
Covalent
Type of bond formed between a metal an a non-metal
Ionic
An ionic bond
The electrostatic attraction between postive and negative ions.
Soluble in water:
covalent network or ionic?
Ionic
Conducts electricity:
covalent molecular, network or ionic?
Ionic
When can an ionic compound conduct electricity?
When molten or dissolved.
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
An ionic bond
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
No. of neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number
Are metal ions positive or negative?
Positive
Are non-metal ions positive or negative?
Negative
The charge number of an ion is equal to the element’s …
valency.
(e.g. O has valency 2, and charge 2–)
