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National 5 Chemistry > U1-3 - Acids and Bases > Flashcards

U1-3 - Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pH scale?

A

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

Low pH = high concentration

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2
Q

Acidic solutions have pH…

A

less than 7.

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3
Q

Alkaline solutions have pH…

A

more than 7.

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4
Q

Neutral solutions have pH…

A

equal to 7.

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5
Q

Soluble metal oxides turn solution pH…

A

alkaline.

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6
Q

Soluble non-metal oxides turn solution pH…

A

acidic.

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7
Q

Insolube oxides turn solution pH…

A

neutral (no effect).

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8
Q

Environmental problems caused by non-metal oxide gases

A

Acid rain, ocean acidification, greenhouse effect.

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9
Q

Base

A

A substance which can neutralise an acid

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10
Q

Acid

A

Substance which contains hydrogen ions (H+)

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11
Q

Alkali

A

Soluble base

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12
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction between an acid and a base which produces a salt and water.

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13
Q

Metal oxide + Acid → …

A

Salt + Water

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14
Q

Metal hydroxide + Acid → …

A

Salt + Water

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15
Q

Metal carbonate + Acid → …

A

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Sodium chloride is a salt.

Where does the ‘sodium’ part come from?

A

Parent base

(sodium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate)

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17
Q

Sodium chloride is a salt.

Where does the ‘chloride’ part come from?

A

Parent acid

(hydrochloric acid)

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18
Q

Phosphoric acid makes …. salts.

A

phosphate

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19
Q

Sulfuric acid makes …. salts.

A

sulfate

20
Q

Formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

21
Q

Formula for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

22
Q

Formula for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

23
Q

Colour of universal indicator in acid

A

Red

(red/orange/yellow)

24
Q

Colour of universal indicator in alkalis

A

Blue/purple

25
Q

Colour of universal indicator in neutral solutions

A

Green

26
Q

Colour of phenolphthalein in acidic and neutral solutions

A

Colourless

(NOT clear!)

27
Q

Colour of phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions

A

Pink

28
Q

Ions which make a solution acidic

A

H+ (hydrogen)

29
Q

Ions which make a solution alkaline

A

OH– (hydroxide)

30
Q

Why is water neutral?

A

Equal concentrations of H+ and OH– ions.

31
Q

If an acid is diluted, the pH …

A

increases.

32
Q

If an alkali is diluted, the pH …

A

decreases.

33
Q

If a solution is diluted, the concentrations of H+ and OH– ions …

A

decrease.

34
Q

Salt

A

An ionic compound in which the H+ ions of an acid have been replaced by metal ions.

35
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions which are unchanged by a chemical reaction.

E.g. Na+(aq) → Na+(aq)

36
Q

How do we know which ions are spectator ions in a reaction?

A

Ions in the aqueous product are spectator ions.

37
Q

A solution of accurately known concentration

A

Standard solution

38
Q

What is the point of titration?

A

To find out an unknown concentration by reacting a sample with a standard solution.

39
Q

During a titration, what tells you the reaction is finished?

A

The first permanent colour change

40
Q

What is a titre?

A

Volume of solution added from the burette during a titration.

41
Q

What are concordant titres?

A

Titres within 0.2 cm3 of each other.

42
Q
A

Pipette

43
Q
A

Burette

44
Q

Titres within 0.2 cm3 of each other are called ….

A

concordant.

45
Q

What is c1 and c2?

A

Concentrations of acid and base used in a titration.

46
Q

What is V1 and V2?

A

Volumes of acid and base used in a titration.

Units must match, e.g. both in litres or both in cm3.

47
Q

What is n1 and n2?

A

Number of moles of acid and base from the balanced equation.

National 5 Chemistry (10 decks)

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