u16 Flashcards
Great circle vs rhumb line
- do you have to change heading when flying one of these routes
- what type of projection are each of these
great circle = shortest distance between two points so must change heading, lambert conic projection
rhumb line = follow line of latitude and no heading change, transverse mercator projection
which projection is a VNC? VTA?
VNC = great circle
VTA = rhumb line
when you are east of the agonic line, you have ______ variation
westerly
1 min latitude = _____ NM
1 NM
t/f: a minute of longitude = 1 NM
false because even though at the equator 1 min longitude = 1 NM, at the poles the lines of longitude are closer together
how often is the CFS updated
every 56 days
the obstacle clearance circle in the CFS tells you what
tallest object ASL + 1000 ft + 100’ round up within 5 NM of aerodrome
VNC
- altitude
- projection
- ratio
- 1 in =______ SM
- updated how often
low to medium altitude (3000 to 8000 AGL)
great circle
1:500 000
1 in = 8SM
2yrs unless major changes
VTA
- altitude
- projection
- ratio
- 1 in =______ SM
- updated how often
low (up to 3000 AGL)
rhumb line
1:250 000
1in = 4 SM
2yr unless significant changes
NOTAMs that last longer than 56 days go where? and what is the final destination?
NOTAM -> CFS -> VNC
Lo chart
- altitude
- projection
- scale
- updated how often
- does it show airports, radio information and topographical features?
low (below 18 000 ASL)
great circle
varies from chart to chart
56 days
shows airports and radio information
does NOT show topographical features
Hi chart
- altitude
- projection
- scale
- updated how often
- does it show airports, radio information and topographical features?
above 18 000 ASL
great circle
scale varies
56 days
no topographical features
t/f: VNC and VTA show distance in NM
false shows in SM
how often is the CAP (canada air pilot) updated and what information does it give us
IFR instrument arrivals and departures
noise abatement procedures
56 days
how often is the WAS (water aerodrome supplement) updated
56 days
what information does the DAH (designated airspace handbook) give us and how often is it updated
restricted airspace
56 days
to keep a straight track along a great circle route, you must change heading by ____º for every ___º of longitude.
flying east, the ** º is _____
flying west, the ** º is ______
change heading by 2º for every 3º longitude
east = add 2º
west = subtract 2º
mercator projection is most accurate at the ________ and more distorted at the ________
equator
poles
mean solar day is the time between _______ of the sun over a certain meridian of ________
two passes
longitude
in the winter = EST is ______h _______ UTC
5h behind
in the summer, EST is _____h _____ UTC
4h behind
_______ have longer length of time for twilight than _______
poles
equator
can the double track error correction method to get back on your track after you’ve drifted be used along your entire route?
no just for the first half of your route
does the opening/closing angle method of getting back on track after being drifted fly you back to your og track or your destination
destination
dead reckoning navigation is based on what
time
distance
direction
when lost, what can you do? 4 possible things
climb for better visibility and radio range
draw circle of uncertainty from last known position
cross track two VOR or use a GPS
contact FIC or tower for a DF steer
fuel requirements for VFR fixed wing day
destination + 30 mins
fuel requirements for VFR fixed wing night
destination + 45 mins
fuel requirements for IFR fixed wing
destination + alternate + 45 mins
fuel requirements for IFR turbo prop
destination + alternate + 30 mins
what is pilotage
flying from landmark to landmark until reach destination
what is “ground position” or your “fix”
the point of the earth that is directly underneath the plane
t/f: with dead reckoning navigation, the pilot can use a map
false its just time, distance and direction only pre calculated before flight
what is your air position
imaginary position where the plane would be if there was no wind
Lo Chart:
height
what does class B airspace look like and what height is it
what’s the difference between aerodromes that are coloured black vs green
surface to 17 999 ASL
white hatches from 12 500 to 17 999 ASL
black aerodromes have instrument approach available whereas green aerodromes do NOT have instrument approach
t/f. airways and air routes are controlled
false
only airways are controlled
air routes are uncontrolled
what is the MEA on a Lo chart
does it ensure obstacle clearance
minimum en route altitude
minimum altitude ASL to receive signals from both VORs
ensures obstacle clearance
what is the MOCA on a Lo chart
what’s the minimum clearance buffer that it gives you in an airway
minimum obstacle clearance altitude
lowest safe altitude ASL
at least 1000 ft buffer
AMA (area minimum altitude)
- provides _____ ft clearance in a normal rectangle on the chart
- in SDA: 2º latitude by ____º longitude
- in NDA: 2º latitude by ____º longitude
- provides ______ ft clearance in mountain area
1000 ft
SDA = 2ºx4º
NDA = 2ºx8º
2000 ft
what is the MRA (minimum reception altitude) and does it give you obstacle clearance
lowest altitude on an airway where the plane is assured to get both VOR signals
but NO obstacle clearance
When you’re in DMR #1 and #5 (B.C and high north), how much obstacle clearance does the MOCA give you when there’s no other published altitude?
when is the exception where you’re in an airway in this zone but you aren’t given *** ft obstacle clearance?
2000 ft
except for airways used for departure/approach obv
When you’re in DMR #2,3,4 , how much obstacle clearance does the MOCA give you when there’s no other published altitude?
1500 ft
when you’re not within a DMR, how much obstacle clearances does the MOCA give you
1000 ft
what is the minimum sector altitude
lowest altitude where you have 1000 ft obstacle clearance above all objects located within a 25 NM of a radio navigation aid
what is the safe altitude 100 NM
lowest altitude where you have 1000 ft obstacle clearance in a 100 NM radius around an aerodrome
what is the minimum vectoring altitude
lowest altitude where ATC can safely vector a plane using radar (gives 1000-2000 ft obstacle clearance)
what is the transition altitude
altitude where pilots switch from local altimeter setting to 29.92
