U1:KA3 - Gene expression

Question 1

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 1

Ribonucleic acid

Question 2

What is an RNA nucleotide made up of?

Answer 2

Phosphate, ribose sugar and base

Question 3

What are the complementary base pairings in RNA?

Answer 3

Adenine - uracil
Thymine - adenine
Cytosine - guanine
Guanine - cytosine

Question 4

Is RNA double or single stranded?

Answer 4

Single stranded

Question 5

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 5

Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA

Question 6

What are the two stages in gene expression?

Answer 6

Transcription and translation

Question 7

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 7

In the nucleus

Question 8

Where does translation take place?

Answer 8

In the ribosomes

Question 9

What happens during transcription?

Question 10

What does RNA polymerase do during transcription?

Question 11

What happens during translation?

Question 12

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 12

mRNA carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 13

What is the function of rRNA?

Answer 13

The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis, it is made up of protein and ribosomal RNA together forming a complex

Question 14

What is the function of tRNA

Answer 14

tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome where they can be linked together in the correct order using the code on the mRNA

Question 15

What is the first mRNA produced from the DNA template?

Answer 15

The primary mRNA transcript

Question 16

What two segments do genes contain?

Answer 16

Introns and exons

Question 17

What are introns?

Answer 17

They are non-coding regions of the gene

Question 18

What happens to introns?

Answer 18

They are removed from the primary mRNA transcript

Question 19

What are exons?

Answer 19

They are coding regions of the gene

Question 20

What happens to exons?

Answer 20

They are spliced (joined) together to form the mature mRNA transcript, this is called RNA splicing