U1 - Gene Expression (transcription + RNA)

Question 1

explain the basic structure of an RNA nucleotide

Answer 1

ribose suger; phosphate; bases

Question 2

state the differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 2

RNA has ribose sugars; RNA is double stranded so can leave the nucleus; RNA has uracil base instead of thymine

Question 3

state the function of mRNA

Answer 3

takes complementary copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 4

state the function of tRNA

Answer 4

binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome

Question 5

state the function of rRNA

Answer 5

combines with protiens to form the ribosome

Question 6

describe the process of transcription

Answer 6

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, unwinding the double helix (breaking hydrogen bonds). free RNA nucleotides bond with complementary bases on DNA strand. the RNA nucleotides are held in place by hydrogen bonds while strong bonds form between the phosphate on one nucleotide and the ribose sugar of next. primary transcript formed. RNA splicing occurs and introns (non-coding regions) are removed from primary transcript leaving exons (coding regions) to form mature mRNA transcript which is ready to leave the nucleus

Question 7

what is gene expression?

Answer 7

the process by which specific genes are activated to produce a specific protien

Question 8

what is the phenotype of an organism and what is it dependent on?

Answer 8

the phenotype of an organism is its physical appearance. it is dependent on which proteins are produced as a result of gene expression

Question 9

what is transcription?

Answer 9

the production of an mRNA copy of a section of single stranded DNA to travel from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 10

explain DNA splicing

Answer 10

introns (non coding regions) are removed from a primary mRNA transcript to leave only exons (coding regions) to produce a mature mRNA transcript