Tyrone's Rebellion, 1595 Flashcards
Why was Tyrone’s army a challenge to England?
Large, well organised, Tyrone had used English and Spanish captains to train his men and imported weapons and ammunition, modern weapons, had deserters from GB
How big was Tyrone’s army in 1595?
1000 cavalry, 4000 musketmen, 1000 pikemen
Which other chieftains did Tyrone have support from?
Hugh Roe O’Donnell, Hugh Maguire - traditional feuds forgotten also from James Fitzthomas and Florence MacCarthy
Where had the rebellion spread to in 1595?
Connaught
Which counties joined in 1598?
Leinster and Munster joined
How did the English army compare to the Irish army in 1596?
6000 footmen, 1200 cavalry (rebels)
vs
5732 footmen, 617 cavalry (English)
What did Elizabeth do in 1599 when she realised she was outnumbered?
Sent the largest army of her reign led by the Earl of Essex
What war was England fighting in?
Fought Spanish control over Netherlands since 1585, English sent help to Dutch protestants
Why did the Spanish support the Irish?
Thought they could destabilise English war effort, sent two Spanish armadas, first failed in 1588, sent a second in 1596 - fleet dispersed by strong winds, 32 ships lost
What did Phillip III do when Phillip II died?
Succeeded Phillip II, continued Spanish policy of intervention in Ireland as they thought it would lead to English withdrawing from Netherlands
What did Phillip III see Ireland as?
Potential base to launch invasion to England but never enough troops before 1601
What happened in 1601 when Phillip III finally had enough troops to invade England?
Ships became separated in a storm, included weapons and ammo, only 3400/6000 men made it to Ireland
Why was the Spanish involvement more of a threat than a reality?
Because they were too involved with the Dutch
What problems did Sir William Russell face?
Outnumbered, 1100 men to use for defence, not prioritising the rebellion enough - focused on the Netherlands, weak commander, poor strategy, Irish more united
How did the English army react to events at the Battle of Clontibret?
Withdrew troops from Brittany where they had been fighting Spanish forces, 2000 men were promised but only 1616 arrived in poor condition
What happened to Baganel’s army at the Battle of Clontibret?
1595 Irish captured Eniskillen castle and began to besiege Monaghan castle, Sir Henry Bagenel attempted to help the besieged garrison but provoked Tyrone to rebel
Who was Sir Henry Baganel?
Marshal of English army, aimed to deliver men and supplies to Monaghan castle, marched with 1750 men
What happened when Baganel attempted to approach Monaghan castle in the Battle of Clontibret?
Ambushed by Tyrone’s men, forced to fight and used up supplies of gunpowder, eventually reached safety of the castle but supplies were low
What did the English have to do after having low supplies at Monaghan castle and what happened?
Had to return to Newry, ambushed again by 4000 Irish and forced to slow down, stopped outside Newry with little ammunition, 31 deaths, 109 wounded
What did the Baganel do after being ambushed in Newry?
Rescued by sea, Tyrone was low on supplies too
What did the Battle of Clontibret show about the rising?
That the English faced a well organised Irish force who outnumbered them and took advantage of their knowledge of the geography
Why was the situation a stalemate by 1595?
Rebels found that their tactic of taking and capturing garrisoning fortresses made them vulnerable, too expensive to do this, no active conflict
What was Elizabeth forced to do after the stalemate in 1595?
Keen to negotiate - cheaper than warfare, preoccupied with war with Spain
What settlement was agreed in 1596?
Tyrone agreed to submit, to pay damages, to stop demanding freedom of worship for Catholics and to accept English sovereignty, English agreed to remove garrisons and give Tyrone Ulster
