The Role of Leaders in the Challenge and Suppression of Tyrone's Rising and the Extent of Threat

Question 1

What feud was Sir Henry Baganel in with Tyrone?

Answer 1

• Keen to expand his estates in Ulster
• Tyrone and Baganel both wanted to claim O’Hanlon clan
• Tyrone disliked Baganel using his position to get land
• Baganel a trouble maker

Question 2

What documents did Baganel produce to Cecil?

Answer 2

1586 The Description and Present State of Ulster - criticised English control of Ulster, concerns about growing power of Tyrone

Question 3

What were Baganel’s recommendations ?

Answer 3

Division of O’Neills lands and for Ulster to have a council and president, didn’t achieve demands but shows power struggle

Question 4

What role did Baganel have?

Answer 4

• No link with Tyrone, interventionalist tactic of English
• Power struggle, provokes rebellion
• Keen to expand estates
• Poor military leader - two defeats due to ambush at Yellow Fort and Clontibret

Question 5

Who was Florence MacCarthy?

Answer 5

• Dominant in West Cork and Munster
• Helped put down rebellions in Munster in 1580s
• Resented English after influence extended
• Became under suspician and arrested

Question 6

Why was MacCarthy a threat?

Answer 6

• Potential threat to English interests

- Marriage alliance that would have given him all MacCarthy lands - would be MacCarthy Mor

Question 7

What happened to MacCarthy?

Answer 7

• Put in Tower of London for 2 years

- Came out and reluctant to support Tyrone, negotiated with both sides

Question 8

What role did MacCarthy have?

Answer 8

• Limited role but enough of a threat to be imprisoned for conspiring with Tyrone
• Allowed Tyrone’s mercenaries on his land
• His troops ambushed English

Question 9

How was Essex’s lack of skill as a military leader exposed?

Answer 9

• Didn’t have enough equipment to attack Ulster
• Poor strategy - sent half the army to attack garrisons, wasted large army
• Didn’t help at Curlew pass, campaigned in Munster - no gains, just expense and loss of life

Question 10

How did Elizabeth treat Essex after he made private negotiations with Tyrone?

Answer 10

Put him on trial before the Privy Council, claimed Essex was treasonous, replaced by Lord Mountjoy

Question 11

How did Montjoy differ from Essex?

Answer 11

• Good military leader

- Considerable experience

Question 12

How did Montjoy suppress the rebellion?

Answer 12

Surrounded Tyrone in Ulster while Sir George Carew president of Munster suppressed rebellion there

Question 13

Why were the English lucky at the end of the rebellion?

Answer 13

Hugh Maguire killed which reduced Irish control of Ulster

Question 14

How many men did Montjoy have?

Answer 14

13200

Question 15

Why did the battle last so long?

Answer 15

• Spanish troops arrived, highly trained and brought guns
• By the time the Spanish arrived, too late to help Tyrone
• Still dangerous for Montjoy

Question 16

How did Montjoy react to the Spanish?

Answer 16

Left Ulster, Tyrones rebels marched South, attacked Spanish at Kinsale, Tyrone marched in the mid winter

Question 17

What happened to Montjoy when he attacked spanish?

Answer 17

Stuck between Spanish and Irish, lacked proper defenses, cold and diseased, Tyrone launched surpise attack on 24 Dec, over quickly - Irish horsemen panicked, Spanish didn’t join

Question 18

What happened after the Battle of Kinsale?

Answer 18

Spanish troops surrendered, Tyrone retreated, took another 15 months for rebellion to end

Question 19

What did the battle of Kinsale represent?

Answer 19

The last major military engagement of the rebellion

Question 20

What was the seige of Dunboy Castle in 1602?

Answer 20

Bloody battle, held by Irish rebel Donnell O’Sullivan, Carew decided to organise the seige and offered MacGeohegan the chance to surrender (Constable of Dunboy)

Question 21

What did MacGeohegan make a mistake at the seige of Dunboy Castle in 1602?

Answer 21

He mentioned that if his soldiers tried to land on the beach they would be trapped so Carew surrounded the castle and found an undefended beach

Question 22

How did the English seige Dunboy Caste?

Answer 22

Wanted to do it before Spanish troops arrived so used canons to break down the walls, many died, many surrendered, all executed

Question 23

How did the rebellion end?

Answer 23

Montjoy attacked Munster with 3000 men, negotiated with Tyrone and gave him Chief Lord of Ulster

Question 24

Why did Montjoy give in to Tyrone?

Answer 24

Elizabeth had died, Montjoy keen to get back to court to secure his position under the new king

Question 25

How much income did England recieve and how much was spent on the Netherlands?

Answer 25

£300,000 p/a, £100,000 p/a on Netherlands

Question 26

How much did the rebellion cost?

Answer 26

£5000 per month, in total spent £300,000

Question 27

What happened in 1596 in Middlesex in response to the rebellion?

Answer 27

Refused to contribute local payments for the rebellion

Question 28

What happened in England while the rebellion occurred?

Answer 28

Poor harvests, famine and epidemics of disease