The Pilgrimage of Grace and Bigod's Rising Flashcards
What were the aims and motives of the POG?
To express their anger over the dissolution and their fear of the economic and social consequences, also wanted to reflect wider economic concerns
What were the concerns felt by the North of England put in the Pontefract articles?
Enclosure and unfair rent rises in rent imposed by landlords, also asked for remission from the 1534 subsidy
Why did the clergy have complaints in the articles?
Over government attacks on traditional privileges of the Church such as the benefit of the clergy
Why was it a benefit to the rebels to have a leader like Robert Aske?
He was an educated lawyer who was able to articulate the rebles fears, he also came up with the name
What did the rebels want?
An end to the heresies of Luther and other thinkers, the restoration of powers of the Pope and the reversal of the dissolution of the smaller monasteries
Which rebellion was the POG linked to?
The Lincolnshire rebellion, they were communicating throughout
By the 16 October how many followers had the rebellion attracted and what were they planning to do?
10,000 who were planning to take over the city of York
What did Aske’s proclomation state?
The rebels peaceful intentions and their determination to protect the church
How did the rebels at York display their intentions?
By restoring two religious houses which had been dissolved, they then captured the Port of Hull and Pontefract Castle
What did Lord Darcy do when they captured Pontefract?
He wrote letters to the king asking for help, did little to actually stop the rebels and then eventually got persuaded to join in
Which leading members of the nobility and gentry supported the rebellion?
Lord Latimer, Robert Bowes and Sir Christopher Derby
What did the North Yorkshire rebels do?
They captured Barnard Castle before meeting up with Aske’s rebels
When rebels beseiged Skipton castle, which nobles were trapped?
Henry Clifford - Earl of Cumberland
By late October where had the rebels reached?
Most of the North and North East of England, they failed in Lancashire because the Earl of Derby remained loyal to Henry
How many armies were there and how many rebels in total?
9 armies with 30,000 rebels
Why were Henry’s military resources overstreteched and what errors did he make?
The Duke of Suffolk was restoring order in Lincoln, Henry’s overconfidence led him to send home a second army - this gave rebels 3 weeks to form a strategy
Why did the government have little choice but to negotiate?
They were outnumbered by the rebels
What was Henry’s first response to the articles?
To write an angry reply
How many articles did rebels write up?
24 articles
What did Norfolk promise the rebels and what outcome did it have?
A parliament in the North and a pardon from Henry which led the rebels to go home
What had rebels realised in 1537?
That Henry had trickd them and the Duke of Norfolk had returned to London for much longer than expected
What did Sir Francis Bigod do?
Led a few hundred rebels but Bigod was eventually captured
What did Bigod’s rising give Henry the excuse to do?
Punish the rebels: trials and 144 executions, Aske, Hussey, Percy, Bigod and Darcy were executed
Who supported the POG?
Members of the nobility, gentry, clergymen and monks as well as commons
Why isn’t it surprising that Darcy and Hussey would join the rebellion?
They had conservative sympathies
Where did the rebellion start from?
Anger from the commons about the dissolution of the monasteries
How can the extent of church involvement be seen?
In the number of executions of clergymen and monks: 6 abbots, 38 monks and 16 parish priests executed
Who remained loyal?
The Earl of Derby and the Clifford family as they had been well rewarded in the 1530s
How could the POG be seen as threatening?
It was an enormous logistical challenge for henry due to the speed and number of rebels, made worse by Lincolnshire, nobility and gentry joined in, Aske was leader, Henry only raised 8000 men
How could the POG be seen as not threatening?
It was eventually defeated, Aske was naive and believed Norfolk, commons were still prepared to trust their superiors, they weren’t interested in removing Henry from the throne, his patronage worked well
