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IAT 102 > Typography > Flashcards

Typography Flashcards

1
Q

Baseline

A

The invisible line on which characters sit

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2
Q

Meanline

A

The invisible line on the x-height

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3
Q

X-height

A

Distance between meanline and baseline, the height of a lowercase “x”, often more than half of the cap height

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4
Q

Cap height

A

Distance from baseline to the top of uppercase letters like “H”

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5
Q

Ascender

A

The part of a character that extends above the meanline

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6
Q

Descender

A

The part of a character that extends below the baseline

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7
Q

Serifs

A

Extra stroke at the ends of a character

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8
Q

Stem

A

The vertical line of a “B”, often the main body of a letter

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9
Q

Bar

A

The horizontal lines of an “e”, horizontal or diagonal lines of a letter which are open on at least one side

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10
Q

Bowl

A

An open or closed circular line that creates an interior space, such as an “e” or “b”

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11
Q

Counter

A

The inside of a bowl, negative space that is fully or partially enclosed area.

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12
Q

Leg

A

The bottom stroke of a letter, such as the base of an “L”

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13
Q

Shoulder

A

The curve at the beginning of a leg of a character, such as in an “m”

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14
Q

Height of typeface

A

The vertical measurement of type. The point system is standard today.

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15
Q

Point system

A
  • 1 point = 1/72 inch
  • 12 points = 1 pica
  • eg. 8 picas = 8p
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16
Q

Width of typeface

A

The horizontal measure, which is the body of the letter + a sliver of space that protects it from other letters

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17
Q

Width proportions

A

Condensed, compressed, wide, extended

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18
Q

Optical size of typeface

A

Different styles for different sizes of output coming from a type family

19
Q

Scale of typeface

A

The size of design elements in comparison to other elements in a layout as well as to the physical context of the work

20
Q

2 categories of type

A

Renaissance, Baroque, and Enlightenment periods in art & literature AND 20th & 21st centuries

21
Q

Type classification

A

Humanist/Old Style, Transitional, Modern, Egyptian/Slab Serif, Humanist Sans Serif, Transitional Sans Serif, Geometric Sans Serif

22
Q

Humanist/Old Style

A

Closely connected to calligraphy and the movement of hand

23
Q

Transitional

A

Sharper serifs and more vertical axis than humanist letters

24
Q

Modern

A

Thin, straight serifs, vertical axis, sharp contrast from thick to thin strokes

25
Q

Egyptian/Slab Serif

A

Heavy, slab-like serifs

26
Q

Humanist Sans Serif

A

Small, tilting counter in the letters, calligraphic variations in line weight

27
Q

Transitional Sans Serif

A

Uniform, upright character makes it similar to transitional sans serif

28
Q

Geometric Sans Serif

A

Built around geometric forms

29
Q

Type families

A

Roman form/Plain/Regular, Italic form, Small caps (capitals), Bold versions of traditional text fonts, Bold & italic

30
Q

Italic form

A

Used to create emphasis

31
Q

Small caps

A

Designed to integrate with a line of text, capitals that are slightly taller than the x-height

32
Q

Bold & italic

A

The counters need to stay clear and open at small sizes

33
Q

Bold versions of traditional text fonts

A

Meet the need for emphatic forms

34
Q

Superfamily

A

Consists of dozens of related fonts in multiple weights and/or widths

35
Q

What to do when mixing typefaces

A

Adjust the point size so that the x-heights align on the same line

36
Q

2 categories of numerals

A

Lining numerals, non-lining numerals/text/old style numerals

37
Q

Lining numerals

A

Take up uniform widths of space, enabling the numbers to line up when tabulated in columns which appear LARGE in text

38
Q

Non-lining numerals

A

Have ascenders and descenders, integrate visually with text

39
Q

Pandemic error

A

The use of straight prime or hatch marks (often called dumb quotes) in place of apostrophes and quotation marks

40
Q

Logotype

A

Uses typography or lettering to depict the name or initials of an organization in a memorable way

41
Q

Visual identity

A

Consists of colours, patterns, icons, signage components, and a selection of typefaces

42
Q

Ligature

A

Two or more letters are joined together to form one glyph

43
Q

Ear

A

A small stroke projecting from a letterform

44
Q

Leading / Linespacing

A

Thin strips of lead that separate the horizontal liens of type

IAT 102 (7 decks)

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