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Spinal Other Categories > Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6 > Flashcards

Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6 Flashcards

1
Q

which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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2
Q

which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae

A

two- toed sloth, manatee

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3
Q

what is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine

A

7 segments

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4
Q

which vertebrae are typical cervicals

A

C3-C6

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5
Q

what is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view

A

rectangular

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6
Q

what is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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7
Q

what would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features

A

posterior/ kyphotic

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8
Q

what accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve

A

the intervertebral disc height

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9
Q

what is the direction of the typical cervical curve

A

anterior/ lordotic

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10
Q

at which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height

A

C5/ C6

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11
Q

what is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body

A

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

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12
Q

what are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

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13
Q

what are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim

A

uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, lateral lip or uncus

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14
Q

what are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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15
Q

what are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim

A

lateral groove or enchancrure

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16
Q

what is the joint classification for the anterior lip- anterior groove articulation

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

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17
Q

what is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

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18
Q

what is the joint classification for the uncinate process- lateral groove articulation

A

modified diarthrosis sellar

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19
Q

what is the joint classification for the spongy bone- intervertebral disc articulation

A

amphiarthrosis symphysis

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20
Q

how many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body

A

5

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21
Q

how may joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body

A

5

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22
Q

how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

10

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23
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

4

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24
Q

what joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right uncinate process, left uncinate process, spongy bone, anterior lip, posterior lip, right lateral groove, left lateral groove, spongy bone

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25
Q

what synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

right and left uncinate process, right and left lateral groove

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26
Q

what is the name given to the uncinate process- lateral groove articulation

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

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27
Q

the joint of Luschka is formed from what surface

A

the uncinate process and lateral groove

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28
Q

what muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body

A

the longus colli muscle

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29
Q

what is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

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30
Q

at what location on vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach

A

to the side and in the center of the vertebral body

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31
Q

what surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle

A

superior vertebral notch

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32
Q

what surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle

A

inferior vertebral notch

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33
Q

which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the superior vertebral notch of C5

A

C5 spinal nerve

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34
Q

which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the inferior vertebral notch of C5

A

C6 spinal nerve

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35
Q

what is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina

A

posteromedially

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36
Q

what ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical

A

ligamentum flavum

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37
Q

what joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

38
Q

ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature

A

para-articular processes

39
Q

ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone

A

accessory bone

40
Q

ossification within the length of the ligmentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone

A

heterotopic bone

41
Q

what is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra

A

heart-shaped or triangular

42
Q

which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals

A

transverse

43
Q

what soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen

A

transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

44
Q

the greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at ____

A

C6

45
Q

the greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple

A

C5/C6

46
Q

what osseous parts form the typical cervical vertebra transverse process

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

47
Q

list, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

48
Q

list, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the lamina pedicle junction

A

true transverse process, posterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, anterior tubercle, costal element

49
Q

what is the distal modification of the costal element of a typical cervical vertebra

A

anterior tubercle

50
Q

what muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransverse muscles

51
Q

what is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals

A

the posterior tubercle

52
Q

what muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra

A

splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransverse muscles

53
Q

what bony feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical cervical transverse process

A

costotransverse bar or intertubercular lamella

54
Q

what muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransverse muscles

55
Q

what is the name given to the collective rib- forming region

A

pleurapophysis

56
Q

what produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions

A

cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexuses

57
Q

what is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

58
Q

what is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process

A

60 degrees anterolaterally ( from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly ( from the horizontal plane)

59
Q

what is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse

A

the carotid tubercle

60
Q

what will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6

A

the common carotid artery

61
Q

what will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen

A

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

62
Q

what part of the peripheral nerve system is observed in the transverse foramen of typical cervical vertebrae

A

postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers of the autonomic/ involuntary/ visceral nerve system

63
Q

what is the name of the lamina- pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae

A

the articular pillar

64
Q

what is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar

A

the groove/ sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

65
Q

what nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebrae

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

66
Q

what is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets

A

40-45 degrees from the coronal plane

67
Q

recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facet

A

55-60 degrees

68
Q

what is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

69
Q

what is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

70
Q

what muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes

A

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

71
Q

what muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses

A

semispinalis capitis, multifidis and rotator longus

72
Q

what is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis

A

diarthrosis arthrodia

73
Q

what modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine

A

meniscoidal folds

74
Q

which vertebrae are atypical cervicals

A

C1, C2, C7

75
Q

what function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygaphophyses

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface

76
Q

what will influence spinal kinematics

A

geometry of articular facets, mechanical properties of connective tissue, mechanical properties of muscle

77
Q

what should be carefully considered when applying research results to a population?

A

the condition of the subject material (fresh cadaver, fixed cadaver, living subject)
the age range of the population studied
the method of measurement (x-ray, goniometer, MRI, CT, etc)

78
Q

the greatest range of flexion- extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple

A

typically C5/C6

79
Q

what motions are coupled in the cervical spine

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

80
Q

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples

A

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

81
Q

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

82
Q

what is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process

A

they are bifid

83
Q

what is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process

A

they are non-bifid

84
Q

what is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process

A

the spinous tubercle

85
Q

what muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process

A

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

86
Q

what ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process

A

the interspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae

87
Q

what will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above, the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament

88
Q

what will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the inferior articular process/ post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

89
Q

what will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the inferior vertebral notch of inferior vertebral incisure

90
Q

what will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the superior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

91
Q

what will form the unique anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the uncinate process of the segment below and lateral groove of the segment above forms the joint of Luschka

92
Q

what forms the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve

A

the lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka

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