General Organization of a Vertebra Flashcards
what are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra
the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions
what is formed by the vertebral body and vertebral arch
the vertebral foramen
what is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine
cervical- rectangular
thoracic- triangular
lumbar- reniform
what is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body
superior epiphyseal rim
inferior epiphyseal rim
what is the central region at the superior and inferior surfaces fo the vertebral body called
cancellous or spongy bone
what is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body
superior epiphyseal plate
inferior epiphyseal plate
what is the time of appearance of the ossification centers for teh epiphyseal plate
from 7-9 years old
epiphyseal plate centers of ossification will unite at what age to form what feature
about 12 years old, the epiphyseal ring
what is age and name given to the result of the union of the epiphyseal ring- vertebral body
about 15 years old, the epiphyseal rim
what are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at the superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body
ages 7-9 years, appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification
age 12 years, formation of the epiphyseal ring
age 15 years, formation of the epiphyseal rim
what are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body
nutrient foramina or vascular foramina
what large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body
the basivertebral venous foramen
what is the name of the type of vessel entering the nutrient or vascular foramen
osseous artery
what is the name given to the large vessel exiting teh back of the vertebral body
the basivertebral vein
what is the semicircular region of bone attached to the back of the vertebral body called
the vertebral arch
what is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch
the pedicle
what is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch
the lamina
what is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and the articular processes attach
the lamina- pedicle juntion
what is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle
the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure
the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
what is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine
cervical- posterolateral
thoracic- posterior, slight lateral
lumbar- posterior
all lamina are oriented in what direction
posterior and median
what ligament will attach to the lamina
the ligamentum flavum
what is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum
para-articular process
what classification of bone will para-articular processes represent
accessory bone
what is the name given to the lamina- pedicle junction at each region of the spine
cervical- articular pillar; thoracic and lumbar- pars interarticularis
what is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on x-ray
shingling
what is the given to the junction of the vertebral arch- spinous process on lateral x-ray
the spinolaminar junction
what is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch
the apophyseal regions
what names may be given to each apophysis of the spine
the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process
what is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine
cervical- anterolateral; thoracic- posterolateral; lumbar- lateral
all non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature
the costal element
what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process
the transverse tubercle
what will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region
cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position
what will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region
the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward
what will the articular process/ articular apophysis support
the articular facet
what is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of a vertebral couple
the zygapophysis
what is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis
the superior articular facet
what is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis
the inferior articular facet
what names are given the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis
the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the pre-zygapophysis
what names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis
the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post- zygapophysis
in the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to the zygapophysis is called the _____
pre-zygapophysis
in the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies posterior to zygapophysis is called the _____
post- zygapophysis
what is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis
the superior articular process or superior articular apophysis
what is the name given tot he part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis
the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis
what will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen
the inferior articular process/ post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum
what will form the superior boundary of the typical intervertebral foramen
the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
what will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen
the superior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
what will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen
the vertebral body of the segment about, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament
what is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis
calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane
what is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on x-ray
imbrication
what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis
the spinous tubercle
what is the orientation of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis at each region of the spine
cervical- slight angle inferiorly
thoracic- noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar- no inferior angle
