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Spinal Other Categories > General Organization of a Vertebra > Flashcards

General Organization of a Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra

A

the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

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2
Q

what is formed by the vertebral body and vertebral arch

A

the vertebral foramen

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3
Q

what is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine

A

cervical- rectangular
thoracic- triangular
lumbar- reniform

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4
Q

what is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body

A

superior epiphyseal rim

inferior epiphyseal rim

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5
Q

what is the central region at the superior and inferior surfaces fo the vertebral body called

A

cancellous or spongy bone

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6
Q

what is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body

A

superior epiphyseal plate

inferior epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

what is the time of appearance of the ossification centers for teh epiphyseal plate

A

from 7-9 years old

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8
Q

epiphyseal plate centers of ossification will unite at what age to form what feature

A

about 12 years old, the epiphyseal ring

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9
Q

what is age and name given to the result of the union of the epiphyseal ring- vertebral body

A

about 15 years old, the epiphyseal rim

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10
Q

what are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at the superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body

A

ages 7-9 years, appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification
age 12 years, formation of the epiphyseal ring
age 15 years, formation of the epiphyseal rim

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11
Q

what are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body

A

nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

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12
Q

what large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body

A

the basivertebral venous foramen

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13
Q

what is the name of the type of vessel entering the nutrient or vascular foramen

A

osseous artery

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14
Q

what is the name given to the large vessel exiting teh back of the vertebral body

A

the basivertebral vein

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15
Q

what is the semicircular region of bone attached to the back of the vertebral body called

A

the vertebral arch

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16
Q

what is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch

A

the pedicle

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17
Q

what is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch

A

the lamina

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18
Q

what is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and the articular processes attach

A

the lamina- pedicle juntion

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19
Q

what is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle

A

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

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20
Q

what is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine

A

cervical- posterolateral
thoracic- posterior, slight lateral
lumbar- posterior

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21
Q

all lamina are oriented in what direction

A

posterior and median

22
Q

what ligament will attach to the lamina

A

the ligamentum flavum

23
Q

what is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum

A

para-articular process

24
Q

what classification of bone will para-articular processes represent

A

accessory bone

25
Q

what is the name given to the lamina- pedicle junction at each region of the spine

A

cervical- articular pillar; thoracic and lumbar- pars interarticularis

26
Q

what is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on x-ray

A

shingling

27
Q

what is the given to the junction of the vertebral arch- spinous process on lateral x-ray

A

the spinolaminar junction

28
Q

what is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch

A

the apophyseal regions

29
Q

what names may be given to each apophysis of the spine

A

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

30
Q

what is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine

A

cervical- anterolateral; thoracic- posterolateral; lumbar- lateral

31
Q

all non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature

A

the costal element

32
Q

what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process

A

the transverse tubercle

33
Q

what will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region

A

cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

34
Q

what will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region

A

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

35
Q

what will the articular process/ articular apophysis support

A

the articular facet

36
Q

what is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of a vertebral couple

A

the zygapophysis

37
Q

what is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis

A

the superior articular facet

38
Q

what is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis

A

the inferior articular facet

39
Q

what names are given the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis

A

the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the pre-zygapophysis

40
Q

what names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis

A

the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post- zygapophysis

41
Q

in the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to the zygapophysis is called the _____

A

pre-zygapophysis

42
Q

in the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies posterior to zygapophysis is called the _____

A

post- zygapophysis

43
Q

what is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis

A

the superior articular process or superior articular apophysis

44
Q

what is the name given tot he part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis

A

the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

45
Q

what will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

the inferior articular process/ post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

46
Q

what will form the superior boundary of the typical intervertebral foramen

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

47
Q

what will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

the superior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

48
Q

what will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

the vertebral body of the segment about, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

49
Q

what is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis

A

calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane

50
Q

what is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on x-ray

A

imbrication

51
Q

what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis

A

the spinous tubercle

52
Q

what is the orientation of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis at each region of the spine

A

cervical- slight angle inferiorly
thoracic- noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar- no inferior angle

Spinal Other Categories (12 decks)

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