Typhoid Fever Flashcards
Synonyms of Typhoid Fever
- Enteric Fever
- Salmonellosis
- Gastric Fever
- Pathogenic Fever
Causative agent of typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
Non spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacilli, motile, non-lactose forming; chemoorganotroph
Salmonella typhi
Antigens of Salmonella typhi
O, H, Vi Antigens
Severe gastroenteritis accompanied by a high fever
Typhoid
Cause of typhus fever
Rickettsiae typhi (fleas) Rickettsiae prowazekii (body lice)
Family of salmonella typhi
Enterobacteriaceae
Where does the typhoid organism pass through to reach the small intestine
Pylorus
Salmonella typhi penetrates mucosal epithelium via:
- Microfold cells
* Enterocytes
Where Samonella typhi elicit an influx of macrophages
Lamina propria
Incubation period of Salmonella typhi
8-14 days
Induce inflammatory reaction
Proinflammatory cytokines
How typhoid pathogen penetrate the intestinal epithelium
Peyer’s Patches
Virulence factor responsible for the multiplication of Salmonella
Invasins
Virulence factor responsible for fever production of Salmonella
Lipid A Endotoxin
Virulence factor that causes cellular invasion of intestinal cells; produce ulcers (by Salmonella)
Cytotoxins
Virulence Factor that increases secretion of sodium
Heat-Stable Exotoxin
Virulence Factor that increases secretion of Chloride
Heat-Labile Exotoxins
Characteristic of stool of those infected w/ typhoid fever
Greenish Pea Soup
Slow pulse
Dicrotic
Rose Spots
Exanthem
Signs and symptoms of Typhoid Fever
Rose Spots, Diarrhea, Splenomegaly
Adults: Constipation or diarrhea
Constipation
Most common method of diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
Blood Culture
Detects agglutinating of antibodies against the O and H antigens of S. typhi
Widal Test
Detects IgM to the 0:9 Antigen
IDL Tubex
Detects both IgM and IgG
Typhidot Assay
Major complications of Typhoid Fever
Intestinal Perforations
Intestinal Hemorrhage
Two Vaccines for Typhoid Fever
Vi Polysaccharide
Live Oral Vaccine Ty21a
Antigen that is a heat-labile flagella; protein structure
H Antigen
Heat stable antigen; outer membrane; production of fever; somatic
O Antigen
Outer shell envelope; inhibits phagocytosis by interfering w/ actions of complement systems; increase virulence
Vi Antigen
4 Stages of Typhoid Fever:
- Temp Rising
- High Fever
- Complications
- Defervescence
1st Drug of Choice for Typhoid Fever
Chloramphenicol
Drug with the risk of irreversible bone marrow aplasia
Chloramphenicol
Adjunctive therapy
Dexamethasone
Drug that lowers the likelihood of relapse
Oral amoxicillin
Other drugs (first-line of antibiotics)
Ampicillin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Spleen
Lymphoid Tissue
