Cholera Flashcards
Acute diarrheal infection caused by a bacterium; water-borne disease; rapidly fatal illness
Cholera
Causative agent of Cholera
Vibrio Cholera
Family of Vibrio Cholera
Vibrionaceae
Synonyms of Cholera
Asiatic Cholera Epidemic Cholera Indian Cholera Gastroenteritis Cholera Blue Death Cholera Infantium Curse of the 19th Century Stomach Bug
3 Theories on the Origin of Cholera
- Germ Theory
- Miasma theory
- Blood Generation Theory
Theory: Cholera caused by germ cell
Germ Theory
Germ theory proposed by
John Snow
Theory: cholera caused by bad air arising from decayed organic matter or miasmata
Miasma Theory
Miasma theory proposed by
Dr. William Farr
Theory: Spontaneous generation of disease within the blood; fermentation of blood
Blood Generation Theory
Blood Generation theory proposed by
Justus von Leibig
Miasma was thought to be the cause of transmission of the great disease
The Great Stink
Soho District, London; serious problem with filth due to the large influx of people and lack of properly sanitary services
Broad Street Pump
Discovered that water spread the infection
John Snow
Original reservoir of Cholera
Ganges Delta in India
Comma bacillus that is facultatively anaerobic; gram negative; non-spore-forming; motile by means of active, single sheathed, polar flagellum
Vibrio Cholera
Capable of fermentative and respiratory metabolism
Vibrio Cholera
Grows at high pH; killed by acid easily; oxidase-positive
Vibrio Cholera
Cholera is invasive or non-invasive
Non-invasive
Only serotype of cholera that produces heat-labile enterotoxin
Serotype 01 and 0139
Associated w/ the endemic characteristics of Cholera
01 and 0139
Showed agglutination in 0 antiserum
Serotype 01
Original Serotype; express A and B antigens and small amount of C
Serotype Ogawa
Variant serotype; Antigen A and C
Serotype Inaba
Middle serotype; rare and unstable; all three antigens
Serotype Hikojima
Bengal strain: derived from El Tor pandemic strain
Serogroup 0139
Possess virulence factor of VC 01 El Tor; deletion of genes
VC 0139
causes majority if outbreaks and more severe in epidemic cholera
VC 01
First identified in Bangladesh; confined to SE asia
VC 0139
Virulence factor that causes severe watery diarrhea
CT; Choleragen; Cholera Toxin
Pilus required for colonization; adherence to mucosal lining; receptor for CT carrying phage
Toxin Coregulated Pili (TCP)
Help reach intestinal mucosa and auds in colonization
Flagellar motility
2 Types of adhesins for Cholera
Hemaglutinnin
ACF (Accessory Colonization Factor)
Surface protein that agglutinates RBC
Hemagglutinin
Assisting in intestinal colonization
ACF (Accessory Colonization Factor)
For colonization, chemotaxis, adherence to mucosal laters, hydrolyses sialic acid, NANA (N-acetylneuramic acid)
Neuraminidase
Colonizes intestines and produces cholera (OmpU and OmpT)
Outer Membrane Porins
Absence of CT:
Accessory Cholera Enterotoxin
Zonnula Occludens Toxin
Increases fluid secretion
Accessory Cholera Enterotoxin
Looses tight junction of small intestine mucosa, leading to increased intestinal permeability
Zonnula Occludens Toxin
