Types of stars

Question 1

What is temperature luminosity diagram?

Answer 1

Mass of star determines its temperature and luminosity
Hertzsprung Russel diagram

Question 2

Where do most stars like on this diagram?

Answer 2

Lie on the main sequence running through centre of the diagram

Question 3

Colour of hot and bright stars

Answer 3

Blue

Question 4

Colour of cool and dim stars

Answer 4

Red

Question 5

What is the stefan-Boltzmann Law?

Answer 5

Hotter ones are much brighter and bigger stars.

Question 6

Distance to our sun

Answer 6

150 million Km

Question 7

Mass of our sun

Answer 7

333,000 x Earth

Question 8

Surface temp of sun

Answer 8

5800K

Question 9

Age of our sun

Answer 9

4.6 billion years

Question 10

Type of main Sequence of our sun

Answer 10

G-Type

Question 11

What are sunspots?

Answer 11

Cooler regions in solar photosphere due to intense magnetic field strength

Question 12

What is the stellar energy source?

Answer 12

Conversion of mass into energy known as nuclear fusion and proton-proton cycle

Question 13

What is the proton-proton cycle?

Answer 13

He produced with two protons released to start cycle over.

Question 14

How much energy is converted in the sun?

Answer 14

4.2 billion kg of mass every second

Question 15

Why does proton-proton cycle work?

Answer 15

Mass of 4 protons is larger than mass of 1 helium atom

Question 16

Total mass of the sun

Answer 16

2x10 30 kg

Question 17

Lifetim of the sun

Answer 17

10 billion years

Question 18

How are protons brought together?

Answer 18

Need to be within 10 -15m of each other fo fusion.
Need temperature above 10 million K for this to occur

Question 19

Lifetime of a star relationship

Answer 19

More massive stars burn up very much quicker than objects like our sun.

Question 20

Most common star type in Milky Way

Answer 20

K type - 5 billion

Question 21

What is the relationship to find out its lifetime?

Answer 21

Lifetime = 1/(mass) power of 2.5

Question 22

What is a brown dwarf?

Answer 22

Object with not enough mass to turn on the PP chain

Question 23

What is the solar neutrino problem?

Answer 23

Models of the sun predict we need 2-3x higher neutrino flux than we observe

Question 24

What are the explanations for the neutrino problem?

Answer 24

Neutrinos from PP chain are one of 3 types and they can change between these 3 types so hard to observe

Question 25

When will life become unbearable from our sun?

Answer 25

1 billion years

Question 26

How much larger do we expect our sun to get?

Answer 26

100x