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life in the cosmos > Extremophiles > Flashcards

Extremophiles Flashcards

1
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

Micro-organisms that thrive in extreme environments

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2
Q

What can extremophiles tell us?

A

Under which range of conditions life is possible

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3
Q

Three types of extreme environments

A

Physical extremes
Geochemical extremes
Biological extremes

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4
Q

What are most extremophiles?

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

What other extremophiles can you get?

A

Multicellular extremophiles
Vertebrates

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6
Q

What are Thermophiles?

A

Most bacteria and archaea

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7
Q

What are Hyperthermophiles?

A

Only bacteria and archaea

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8
Q

Some eukaryote extremophile examples?

A

Psychrophiles
Acidophiles
Halophiles

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9
Q

What are polyextremophiles?

A

Thrive in multiple extreme environments

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10
Q

What are Tardigrades?

A

Exhibit cryptiobiosis (lack of life)
Shrives up as moisture leaves where it stays like this until moisture returns

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11
Q

When were tardigrades discovered?

A

Goeze in 1773

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12
Q

How many species have been found?

A

1150

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13
Q

How big do Tardigrades grow?

A

About 1mm

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14
Q

What does extreme mean?

A

Extreme values of any particular property such as pH or T are values that are far from the median for that ecosystem variable

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15
Q

How does cold temperature affect enzymes?

A

Water freezes, ice crystals break up membranes

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16
Q

How does hot temperature affect enzymes?

A

Chlorphyll, proteins and nucleic acids break down at high temperatures

17
Q

How do acidophiles tolerate acidity?

A

Survive by keeping the acid out

18
Q

What is Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

A

Acidophile found in Yellowstone that survives in pH 3 and 80 degrees temperature

19
Q

What problem to pressure present to cells?

A

Molecules in cell membranes are compressed, resulting in decreased membrane fluidity preventing chemical reactions

20
Q

Standard atmospheric pressure compared to bottom of the Marian Trench

A

1.01 bar - 1086 bars from water column

21
Q

How does atmospheric pressure change going up?

A

Decreases - 10km up it is 1/4 of it at sea level

22
Q

How does lower atmospheric pressure effect the body?

A

Allow tissues to expand, breathing more difficult

23
Q

Oxygen in Early Earth

A

Was an anaerobic environment with start of photosynthesis

24
Q

Oxygen in todays earth

A

Abundant and key element to sustain plant and animal life through photosynthesis and respiration

25
Q

How does oxygen impact humans?

A

Oxidation damage to nucleic acids, proteins and lipids

26
Q

Mars Surface Temp

A

210K

27
Q

Mars Atmosphre Pressure

A

0.007 bars

28
Q

Mars atmosphere Composition

A

95% Co2

29
Q

Mars gravity

A

38% Earth

30
Q

Venus Surface Temp

A

737K

31
Q

Venus Atms pressure

A

92 bars

32
Q

Venus atms composition

A

96% Co2
Sulphuric acid clouds

33
Q

Vens gravity

A

88% Earth

34
Q

What is atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

100kPa

life in the cosmos (18 decks)

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