Evolution

Question 1

Age of Earth

Answer 1

4.6 billion years

Question 2

Knowledge of life for 4 billion years

Answer 2

Nothing for first 2 billion years and following 2 billion it was microbes

Question 3

What is the cambrian explosion?

Answer 3

Explosion of diversity 545 million years ago
Complex organisms in 5-10 million yrs

Question 4

What is diversiy?

Answer 4

All different form, shapes and appearances life form can have

Question 5

What is complexity?

Answer 5

How complicated a life form can be

Question 6

What is modular construction?

Answer 6

Construction of cellular organism by joining together standardised units to form larger compositions.
Enabled large dynamic range of sizes

Question 7

What are the levels of organisation?

Answer 7

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organims

Question 8

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 8

Bacteria, Archaea, eukaryota

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

Incorporates bacteria and archaea.
Cells without nuclei

Question 10

Eukaryotes

Answer 10

Multi-celled organisms containing a nucleus.
DNA in chromosomes

Question 11

What are the distinct mechanisms for increases in size, complexity and diversity?

Answer 11

-random, passive tendence to evolve
- non-random, active or driven biased towards increasing

Question 12

3 trends evident in fossil record

Answer 12

• multi life forms evolved independently many times
• new life forms lead to periods of rapid diversification
• complex life forms arise from early organisms

Question 13

Examples of fossils

Answer 13

Microfossils
Cyanobacteria
Trilobites

Question 14

What drove the colonization of land?

Answer 14

• transition from aquatic to a gaseous environment
• changes to physiology and anatomy

Question 15

What elements dominate the composition of life?

Answer 15

H, O, C, N
95% by weight of all living matter

Question 16

Why is H and O in life>

Answer 16

H and O - large amount of water in organisms

Question 17

Why is carbon in life?

Answer 17

Can form bonds and chains that can incorporate other atoms well and provide stable structures of cells

Question 18

Why N and O in life?

Answer 18

Can form double bonds that are rebust allows for stable molecules

Question 19

What is most of the mass inside human body?

Answer 19

Oxygen

Question 20

What percent human body is water?

Answer 20

57

Question 21

What are most of the atoms in the human body?

Answer 21

Hydrogen

Question 22

What are some examples of cyanobacteria?

Answer 22

Stromatolites - rock like structures built by by microbes

Question 23

What are trilobites?

Answer 23

Earliest known fossil groups of marine arthropods
500 myr

Question 24

What is an arthropod?

Answer 24

invertebrate animal having an external skeleton, a
segmented body, and jointed outgrowths (i.e. legs, antennae)