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Life in the Cosmos > Exoplanets Part 2 > Flashcards

Exoplanets Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many confirmed exoplanet in 2023?

A

3262

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2
Q

How many Kepler candidates?

A

2485

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3
Q

What is the most successful detection method?

A

Transit method

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4
Q

How do you get the mass of the planet?

A
  • Use keplers 3rd law
  • Deduce velocity of orbiting planet
  • Use formula to get mass
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5
Q

What is Upsilon Andromedae?

A

Binary star 44 ly away
Consists of F-type main sequence star and red dwarf in wide orbit around this

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6
Q

What is unique about the orbits un Upslion Andromedae?

A

Orbits of two planets at steep angle to each other

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7
Q

What does the steep angle mean for astronomers?

A

Cannot assume that planets orbit all stars in a single plane

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8
Q

What size range of exoplanets do we know of?

A

30M jupiter down to 0.001M Jupiter

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9
Q

What are Hot Jupiters?

A

Planets orbiting close to stars causing high surface temperatures.
Too close to be in habitable zone

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10
Q

What are the properties of Hot Jupiters?

A

Transits - much greater chance of transiting host stars
Inward migration - most have migrated into the star
Tidal locking - They have synchronised their rotation and orbital period so it always shows same face to the star

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11
Q

What are super earths?

A

Rock exoplanets defined by their mass.

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12
Q

What makes them super earths?

A

More massive than earth, less massive than jupiter
Not necessarily habitable

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13
Q

When have super earths been found?

A

1992 - first ones around pulsar
2005 - First super earth around MS star
2007 - some found in habitable zone

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14
Q

What are the bodies are within the Gliese 876 stellar system?

A

Parent star - red dwarf
Outer gas giant
Gas giant
Super Earth

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15
Q

What is noticeable about Gliese 876?

A

Gas giant is within habitable zone
Super Earth is too close for liquid water

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16
Q

What bodies are within Gliese 581 stellar system?

A

Parent star
Gas Giant
Rocky Planet
Super Earth Maybe
Super Earth

17
Q

What are the two types of orbits?

A

Circular
Elliptical

18
Q

What are the difference between velocities between the two types of orbits?

A

Circular - constant
Elliptical - slower/faster depending on position on orbit

19
Q

What is general pattern for planetary orbit eccentricities?

A

Closer to star, the more circular
Tidal forces circularise close-in eccentrics

20
Q

How does orbit change moving out?

A

Circular at <0.1AU
Larger distances orbits are either circular or showing high eccentricity

21
Q

How does metallicity link to planets?

A

Strong preference for metal-rich stars to host planets.
Metal-poor stars reveal flow planets

22
Q

What is observed amplitude for stars?

A

Modulated orbital velocity of the star and depends on inclination

23
Q

What is used to carry out Doppler measurments?

A

Advanced Fibre optic Echelle

Life in the Cosmos (18 decks)

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