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G- P1 Physical E > Types of rock > Flashcards

Types of rock Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of rock are there

A

3

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2
Q

What does the word ‘characteristic’ mean in geography

A

Features/ ‘what something is like’

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3
Q

How are igneous rocks formed

A

magma from mantle cools and hardens

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4
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed

A

Layers of sediment from tiny shells and skeletons of Dead Sea creatures are compacted together until they become solid

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5
Q

How are metaphoric rocks formed

A

when other rocks (igneous and sedimentary) are changed by heat and pressure these rocks become harder + more compact

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6
Q

Name 2 examples of igneous rocks

A

Granite, basalt

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7
Q

Name 2 examples of sedimentary rocks

A

Sandstone, chalk

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8
Q

Name 2 examples of metaphoric rock

A

Slate, Schist

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9
Q

Name one characteristic of an igneous rock

A

Crystals form, and are very hard

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10
Q

Name one characteristic of a sedimentary rock

A

Contains fossils, and are layered

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11
Q

Name one characteristic of a metamorphic rock

A

Very strong/ hard, bands of crystals.

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12
Q

What are tectonic plates

A

Slabs which make the Earth’s surface, they are what determines /causes earthquakes

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13
Q

How many ways have these tectonic plates shaped the landscape of the uk?

A

3

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14
Q

What are active volcanoes

A

Volcanoes which contain Magma, therefore they are able to erupt-

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15
Q

What are dormant volcanoes

A

volcanoes that have not erupted in millions of years as the magma has dried and cooled.

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16
Q

How did volcanic eruptions in the past form igneous rocks

A

volcanoes appear near plate boundaries, 520 million years ago the land that now makes up the uk used to be much close to the boundary then they are now forcing magma through the Earth’s crust.

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17
Q

Define compressed

A

Squished together by pressure

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18
Q

Define strata

A

Layers

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19
Q

Define lava

A

Molten rock outside the Earth’s crust

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20
Q

Define magma

A

Molten rock inside the mantle

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21
Q

Define impermeable surfaces

A

Water cannot enter or pass through

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22
Q

Define Permeable surfaces

A

water can enter or pass through

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23
Q

Define extrusive igneous

A

when magma spills out onto the Earth’s surface then cools there.

24
Q

Define intrusive igneous

A

when magma cools very slowly before reaching the Earth’s surface.

25
Q

Define dense

A

Thick, heavy, solidified

26
Q

Define lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust

27
Q

Define relief

A

Shape of the land, changes in height.

28
Q

Define upland areas

A

High area of land e.g mountains/hills

29
Q

Define lowland areas

A

Flat areas of land

30
Q

Define geology

A

Rocks

31
Q

Define molten rock

A

Melted rock (liquid form)

32
Q

Describe the formation of a meander

A

Sand and shingle deposited on inside of the bend, as well as a slower current depositing finer material via suspension on the river bed, whereas the fastest current causes an undercut by lateral erosion

33
Q

Igneous rocks are mainly found in ________ areas in _________, in the Lake District in North West England and __________ in North Wales and Northern Ireland.

A

Upland, Scotland, snowdonia

34
Q

Metamorphic rocks are found in ________ _________ and _________

A

Northern Ireland, Scotland

35
Q

Sedimentary rocks are widely found across _______ areas of England.

A

Lowland

36
Q

_______ areas are high above sea level.

A

Upland

37
Q

Are lowland or upland areas of land usually mountainous?

A

Upland

38
Q

_________ areas are not very high above sea level.

A

Lowland

39
Q

are upland or lowland areas of land usually flat?

A

Lowland

40
Q

What two factors determine the shape of the landscape?

A

Glaciation and rivers.

41
Q

Upland areas are found in what parts of Scotland?

A

The northwest highlands, the Cairngorm mountains, the Grampian mountains and the Southern Uplands.

42
Q

Where and what is the highest peak in the Uk

A

Ben Nevis, found in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland.

43
Q

Where in England are upland areas found?

A

The Pennines, Lake District, Dartmoor and Exmoor.

44
Q

Where and what is the highest peak in England?

A

Scafell Pike, found in the Lake District.

45
Q

Where are upland areas in Wales?

A

Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons.

46
Q

Where and what is the highest mountain in Wales?

A

-Snowdon, found in Snowdonia.
-Lincolnshire
-The Fens in East Anglia
-The Midlands
-The London Basin
-The Vale of York

47
Q

Where is the lowest part in the UK?

A

The Fens In East Anglia

48
Q

What caused some of the mountainous landscape which exist in the Uk today?

A

The last Ice Age-
Ice covered a large part of the UK, this ice eroded the land producing these landforms.

49
Q

The ______ power of _______ has shaped the relief of the UKs land

A

Erosive, rivers

50
Q

Name the 10 main rivers in the Uk

A

Severn, (largest, 354 km) Thames, Tyne, Trent, Great Ouse, Wye, Tay, Spey, Tweed, Avon (smallest, 154km)

51
Q

Where are igneous rocks usually found in the Uk?

A

Igneous basalt rocks at Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland.

52
Q

Where is granite rock found in the Uk?

A

Hound Tor, Dartmoor.

53
Q

Where is limestone found in the Uk?

A

Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock- found in the Yorkshire Dales.

54
Q

Where can sandstone be found in the Uk?

A

Sandstone cliffs at Bridport, Dorset.

55
Q

Where can slate be found in the Uk?

A

Slate sea stacks in Devon. (Metamorphic rock)

G- P1 Physical E (19 decks)

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