Types of rock Flashcards
How many types of rock are there
3
What does the word ‘characteristic’ mean in geography
Features/ ‘what something is like’
How are igneous rocks formed
magma from mantle cools and hardens
How are sedimentary rocks formed
Layers of sediment from tiny shells and skeletons of Dead Sea creatures are compacted together until they become solid
How are metaphoric rocks formed
when other rocks (igneous and sedimentary) are changed by heat and pressure these rocks become harder + more compact
Name 2 examples of igneous rocks
Granite, basalt
Name 2 examples of sedimentary rocks
Sandstone, chalk
Name 2 examples of metaphoric rock
Slate, Schist
Name one characteristic of an igneous rock
Crystals form, and are very hard
Name one characteristic of a sedimentary rock
Contains fossils, and are layered
Name one characteristic of a metamorphic rock
Very strong/ hard, bands of crystals.
What are tectonic plates
Slabs which make the Earth’s surface, they are what determines /causes earthquakes
How many ways have these tectonic plates shaped the landscape of the uk?
3
What are active volcanoes
Volcanoes which contain Magma, therefore they are able to erupt-
What are dormant volcanoes
volcanoes that have not erupted in millions of years as the magma has dried and cooled.
How did volcanic eruptions in the past form igneous rocks
volcanoes appear near plate boundaries, 520 million years ago the land that now makes up the uk used to be much close to the boundary then they are now forcing magma through the Earth’s crust.
Define compressed
Squished together by pressure
Define strata
Layers
Define lava
Molten rock outside the Earth’s crust
Define magma
Molten rock inside the mantle
Define impermeable surfaces
Water cannot enter or pass through
Define Permeable surfaces
water can enter or pass through
Define extrusive igneous
when magma spills out onto the Earth’s surface then cools there.
Define intrusive igneous
when magma cools very slowly before reaching the Earth’s surface.
Define dense
Thick, heavy, solidified
Define lithosphere
Earth’s crust
Define relief
Shape of the land, changes in height.
Define upland areas
High area of land e.g mountains/hills
Define lowland areas
Flat areas of land
Define geology
Rocks
Define molten rock
Melted rock (liquid form)
Describe the formation of a meander
Sand and shingle deposited on inside of the bend, as well as a slower current depositing finer material via suspension on the river bed, whereas the fastest current causes an undercut by lateral erosion
Igneous rocks are mainly found in ________ areas in _________, in the Lake District in North West England and __________ in North Wales and Northern Ireland.
Upland, Scotland, snowdonia
Metamorphic rocks are found in ________ _________ and _________
Northern Ireland, Scotland
Sedimentary rocks are widely found across _______ areas of England.
Lowland
_______ areas are high above sea level.
Upland
Are lowland or upland areas of land usually mountainous?
Upland
_________ areas are not very high above sea level.
Lowland
are upland or lowland areas of land usually flat?
Lowland
What two factors determine the shape of the landscape?
Glaciation and rivers.
Upland areas are found in what parts of Scotland?
The northwest highlands, the Cairngorm mountains, the Grampian mountains and the Southern Uplands.
Where and what is the highest peak in the Uk
Ben Nevis, found in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland.
Where in England are upland areas found?
The Pennines, Lake District, Dartmoor and Exmoor.
Where and what is the highest peak in England?
Scafell Pike, found in the Lake District.
Where are upland areas in Wales?
Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons.
Where and what is the highest mountain in Wales?
-Snowdon, found in Snowdonia.
-Lincolnshire
-The Fens in East Anglia
-The Midlands
-The London Basin
-The Vale of York
Where is the lowest part in the UK?
The Fens In East Anglia
What caused some of the mountainous landscape which exist in the Uk today?
The last Ice Age-
Ice covered a large part of the UK, this ice eroded the land producing these landforms.
The ______ power of _______ has shaped the relief of the UKs land
Erosive, rivers
Name the 10 main rivers in the Uk
Severn, (largest, 354 km) Thames, Tyne, Trent, Great Ouse, Wye, Tay, Spey, Tweed, Avon (smallest, 154km)
Where are igneous rocks usually found in the Uk?
Igneous basalt rocks at Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland.
Where is granite rock found in the Uk?
Hound Tor, Dartmoor.
Where is limestone found in the Uk?
Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock- found in the Yorkshire Dales.
Where can sandstone be found in the Uk?
Sandstone cliffs at Bridport, Dorset.
Where can slate be found in the Uk?
Slate sea stacks in Devon. (Metamorphic rock)
