Types of Research Design 1

Question 1

Pre-experimental design

Answer 1

T         O
                       O1       T        O2
                       T         O1
                     ------------------
                                  O2
One shot study
1 group pre-test and post-test
Static group comparison

Question 2

True experimental desing

Answer 2

R T O1
R O2

Randomised groups design

R T1 O1
R T2 O2
R O3
Extending levels - randomised groups design

Question 3

Factorial designs

Answer 3

IV 1 has 3 levels (A1, A2, A3)
IV 2 has 2 levels (B1, B2)

Gives 6 groups to which participants are randomly assigned
(A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, A2B2, A3B1, A3B2)

Test (O) is performed after each treatment

Question 4

One group time series

Answer 4

O1 O2 O3 O4 T O5 O6 O7 O8

Question 5

Define Causal-comparative research

Answer 5

Sometimes IV cannot be manipulated in humans or it is impractical to do so.

For example: gender, age, intelligence, ethnicity

Question 6

Give 4 arguments for Causal comparative vs. Experimental research

Answer 6

In experimental research, IV is manipulated by the researcher (active variable)

In causal comparative, IV has already occurred (attribute variable)

In experimental research, assignment to groups must be random

In causal comparative, assignment to groups is pre-determined

Question 7

Define Validity and Reliability

Answer 7

Validity: degree to which a measuring instrument measures what its supposed to measure (accuracy)

Reliability: degree of consistency within which a measuring instrument measures whatever it is measuring

Question 8

Define Measurement reliability

Answer 8

Observed Score = true score + error score (systematic or random)

Question 9

State the sources of Measurement error

Answer 9

Participants (mood, motivation, fatigue)
Testing (poor instruction, encouragement)
Scoring (competence, nature of scoring)
Instrumentation (poor calibration, inaccurate recording)

Question 10

State sources of Measurement validity

Answer 10

Logical validity

Content validity

Criterion validity

Question 11

Define Logical validity

Answer 11

Degree to which the measure obviously involves performance being measured

Question 12

Define Criterion validity

Answer 12

Degree to which scores on a test are related to some standard or criterion

Question 13

Define Content validity

Answer 13

Checking the content of that test measures what it intended.

Question 14

Define Concurrent validity

Answer 14

Instrument correlated with criterions administered at about the same time

Question 15

Define Predictive validity

Answer 15

Degree to which the measurement can accurately predict future measurements

Question 16

Define Construct validity

Answer 16

Degree to which a test measures a hypothetical construct