Types Of Reproduction Flashcards
What is asexual reproduction?
A process by which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself.
What is sexual reproduction?
A process that involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce genetically different offspring.
True or False: Asexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes.
False
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Rapid reproduction, no need to find a mate, and all offspring are genetically identical.
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
Lack of genetic diversity, vulnerability to diseases, and limited adaptation to changing environments.
What is fragmentation?
A form of asexual reproduction in which an organism is divided into pieces, each of which can grow into a new organism.
What is a gamete?
A specialized reproductive cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization in sexual reproduction.
What is the male gamete in humans?
Sperm
What is the female gamete in humans?
Egg (ovum)
What is fertilization?
The fusion of a male gamete (sperm) with a female gamete (egg) to form a zygote.
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg cell formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?
23 chromosomes
What is genetic variation?
Differences in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population.
How does sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation?
By combining genetic material from two different individuals to produce offspring that is genetically different from both parents
What is cross-pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ of one plant to the female reproductive organ of another plant.
What is the advantage of farmers reproducing fruits asexually?
It allows for the production of genetically identical offspring. Since a single parent forms a genetically identical clone of it self by mitosis, causing it to be beneficial economically wise for the farmers.
What are advantages of sexual reproduction
Increase genetic variation. Species can adapt to new environments due to variation. Disease is less likely to affect the population due to genetic variation.
What are disadvantages of sexual reproduction
Takes time to find mates. Difficult for isolated members (since they have adapted to new environments) of the same species to reproduce
Process of sexual reproduction
Involves the genes/chromosomes from 2 parents.
Meiosis occurs to form gametes then these gametes fertilize.
After fertilization, mitosis increases the cell number for growth, development.
Offspring that is produced is genetically different from both parents, this happens because the genetic info. from each parent is found in the gametes, and during fertilization the gametes join together which causes a mixing of genes to take place, forming a fetus.
Process of asexual reproduction
Includes one parents genes.
Parent makes a genetically identical clone of itself using mitosis.
So the offspring produced only has DNA from one parent. Causing the offspring to be identical to the parent.
Variation may occur due to mutations or environmental factors.
What is genotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual which determines particular characteristics.
What is phenotype
The physical expression of genes. (blue/green eyes)
Homozygote
When both genes are the same
Heterozygote
When both genes are different
Explain sexual reproduction in flowers
Flowers make male pollen and female ovule gametes by meiosis.
The pollen of one flower pollinates the ovule of another flower.
New seeds are produced to make new plants.
