Mitosis And Meiosis Flashcards
What is mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces genetically identical daughter cells with a similar copy of the parents original chromosomes. (Full set of chromosomes)
What is meiosis
A type of cell division that produces 4 gamete cells with a single set of chromosomes.
Compare between mitosis and meiosis-
Mitosis
Diploid
46 chromosomes
Cell divides once
Identical daughter cells
Development, repair of tissues, growth
Asexual
Somatic cells (all other cells)
Forms 2 cells
Meiosis
Haploid cell
23 chromosomes
Cell divides twice
Non identical cells (variation possible)
Forms cell for gametes
Sexual
Ovary or testes
Forms 4 cells
Where does meiosis occur
In the reproduction organs (testes, ovaries) to produce gametes.
What is a diploid cell
Contains a pair of chromosomes (2 versions of chromosome)
Haploid cells
Only have a single set of chromosomes with only 1 version of chromosome
Why is there variation in meiosis
Due to sexual reproduction, the genetic information from both parents are combined so a mixing of genes take place which leads to genetic variation.
What happens to the chromosomes when a cell divides by mitosis
the chromosomes to be copied then the cell divides twice which also divides and halves the number of chromosomes.
What is therapeutic cloning?
Cells from a patients body is used to create a cloned early embryo of themselves.
These stem cells from the patients embryo are able to be used for medical treatments/creating new organs.
Since the stem cells have the same genes as the patient, the new organs created will not be rejected from the patients body.
What is a specialized cell?
Cells that have a specific structure and adapt a function
Cell differentiation
Cells are both specialized in both form and function
What is an embryonic stem cell?
Esc are found in the human embryo and they’re are able to differentiate into all cell types which then the cells are able to adapt a function and a specific structure.
Why does an embryonic stem cell raise ethical issues?
Since esc are obtained by removing cells from the human embryo, which is an ethical issue since it destroys a potential life.
What are stem cells?
Cells that are undifferentiated and unspecialised but have the potential to form different cell types.
Compare between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
Esc-
Can differentiate into all cell types. Can treat a wide range of diseases. Found in the human embryo. Can divide continuously for self renewal. Raises ethical issues due to the embryo not being able to consent.
Asc-
Can differentiate into blood cells only (platelets, rbc,wbc). Found in the bone marrow. Adults are able to give consent for the procedure so it does not raise ethical issues. Can treat fewer diseases due to not being able to differentiate into all cell types.
